25,729 articles
Superficial vein thrombosis
Superficial vein thrombosis (SVT, superficial thrombophlebitis) is clotting in veins just under the skin, usually leg saphenous veins. About 20-25% have concomitant DVT or PE; fondaparinux or rivaroxaban for 45 days treats higher-risk cases.
Superfood
Superfood: a marketing term for nutrient-rich foods like blueberries, salmon, and quinoa, with no legal or scientific definition; originated as United Fruit Company banana marketing, banned in the EU since 2007 without an approved health claim.
Superior canal dehiscence syndrome
Superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS), a third-mobile-window inner ear disorder first described by Minor et al. in 1998, causing sound- and pressure-induced vertigo, autophony, and pulsatile tinnitus, diagnosed by Bárány criteria and repaired surgically.
Superior capsular reconstruction
Superior capsular reconstruction is an arthroscopic shoulder technique, first reported clinically in 2013, that uses a graft to rebuild the superior capsule in massive irreparable rotator cuff tears.
Superior capsule reconstruction
Superior capsule reconstruction is a shoulder surgery for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears, using a tendon graft as a hammock to stabilize the humeral head, reduce pain, and restore motion.
Superior colliculus
Superior colliculus (optic tectum in non-mammals): paired layered midbrain structure integrating visual, auditory, and somatosensory maps to generate saccades, orient head and eyes, detect looming threats, and support attention and categorization.
Superior laryngeal nerve
Superior laryngeal nerve (nervus laryngeus superior), a vagus nerve branch dividing into an internal sensory branch to the supraglottic larynx and an external motor branch to the cricothyroid muscle; injury causes pitch-range loss and dysphagia.
Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis
Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK, Theodore's syndrome) is a chronic relapsing inflammation of the superior bulbar and tarsal conjunctiva and superior limbus, mainly in women aged 30–55, linked to thyroid eye disease and dry eye.
Superior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA): second anterior branch of the abdominal aorta at L1, supplying the midgut from duodenum to splenic flexure via jejunal, ileal, ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic branches; linked to mesenteric ischemia, SMA syndrome, and nutcracker syndrome.
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome, or Wilkie's syndrome, is rare duodenal obstruction from compression of the third duodenum between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery, usually after rapid weight loss; treated first with nutrition and positioning, then duodenojejunostomy.
Superior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric vein (SMV): large abdominal vein draining the small intestine, right colon, pancreas, stomach, and appendix; runs right of the superior mesenteric artery and joins the splenic vein behind the pancreas to form the portal vein.
Superior olivary complex
Superior olivary complex (SOC), or superior olive: cluster of auditory nuclei in the caudal pontine tegmentum, first site of binaural convergence; MSO computes interaural time differences, LSO level differences, for sound localization.
Superior orbital fissure
The superior orbital fissure is a cleft in the sphenoid bone connecting the orbit to the middle cranial fossa and transmitting cranial nerves III, IV, V1, and VI.
Superior vena cava
Superior vena cava (SVC): the largest central systemic vein, draining upper-body blood to the right atrium; formed by brachiocephalic veins, joined by the azygos vein; obstruction causes SVC syndrome, treated by stenting.
Superior vena cava syndrome
Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS, SVC obstruction): symptoms from blockage of the superior vena cava, ~70% malignant (lung cancer) and ~30% device-related; treated with stenting, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or anticoagulation.
Superiority trial
A superiority trial is a randomized clinical trial designed to show that a new treatment is more effective than a comparator such as placebo or an active control.
Supernumerary breasts
Supernumerary breasts (polymastia, accessory or ectopic breast tissue) are congenital extra breast tissue along the embryonic milk line, affecting 2–6% of women, most often in the axilla, classified by Kajava's 1915 system.
Supernumerary nipple
Supernumerary nipple (polythelia) is a benign extra nipple along the embryonic milk line, prevalence about 1-6%, usually on the chest; renal association not confirmed; rare cancers reported.
Supernumerary nostril
Supernumerary nostril, also called accessory nostril or triple nostril, is an extremely rare congenital malformation with one or more extra nostrils but no duplicated nasal septum or cavity; about 60 cases reported since 1906.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are nanoscale iron oxide crystals, usually magnetite or maghemite, coated for biocompatibility and used as MRI contrast agents, drug carriers, and heat mediators in magnetic hyperthermia.
Supervised exercise therapy
Supervised exercise therapy (SET) is structured exercise prescribed under professional supervision, recommended as first-line treatment for leg pain from peripheral artery disease, typically treadmill walking for 3 to 6 months.
Supination
Supination: rotation turning the palm forward or upward at the forearm (radius around ulna, 80–90° range; supinator and biceps), or adduction plus inversion raising the foot's arch; opposite of pronation.
Supine position
Supine position: lying flat on the back, face up (decúbito supino). The most common surgical position; highest cardiac output and lowest vascular resistance of compared body positions; arms kept under 90 degrees abduction.
SUPPORT trial (NCT00233324)
SUPPORT (NCT00233324), Surfactant Positive Airway Pressure and Pulse Oximetry Trial, a 2x2 factorial US trial of 1,316 infants born at 24-27 weeks: early CPAP versus surfactant and 85-89% versus 91-95% oxygen targets; lower targets cut severe ROP but raised mortality.
SUPPORT trial (NCT06264050)
SUPPORT (NCT06264050) is a single-group pre-post observational study at IRCCS San Camillo, Venice, testing whether a Psychological Support Group changes anxiety (STAI Y2), depression (BDI-II), coping (COPE-NVI 25), and outcomes (CORE-OM) in 19 neurorehabilitation inpatients.
Supported Employment
Supported employment (Individual Placement and Support, IPS) is an evidence-based vocational rehabilitation model that places people with severe mental illness or other disabilities in competitive jobs first, with concurrent treatment and time-unlimited on-the-job support, outperforming train-then-place programs in employment outcomes.
Supportive and psychosocial care in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Supportive and psychosocial care in Duchenne muscular dystrophy covers cognition, behavior, education, mental health, transition to adult life, and family caregiver support rather than drug treatment.
Supportive periodontal therapy
Supportive periodontal therapy, also called periodontal maintenance, is the long-term recall phase of dental care in which patients treated for periodontitis attend regular visits to keep the disease stable.
Supportive psychotherapy
Supportive psychotherapy is a psychotherapy that strengthens coping, self-esteem, and adaptive skills rather than changing personality, and is the most widely practiced therapy among psychiatrists.
Suppository
Suppository: solid single-dose medication inserted rectally, vaginally, or urethrally; melts or dissolves to release drug locally or systemically, partially bypassing liver first-pass metabolism; fatty or hydrophilic bases.