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Tandulodaka
Tandulodaka (तण्डुलोदक), Ayurvedic rice water, is a soaked-rice aqueous preparation used as Anupana vehicle and Bhavana Dravya; classical ratio 1:8 (Sharangadhara Samhita), pH 6.45, hemostatic properties.
Tanezumab
Tanezumab (PF-04383119, Raylumis) is a humanized anti-NGF monoclonal antibody developed by Pfizer and Lilly for osteoarthritis pain; never approved, refused by EMA in 2021 over rapidly progressive osteoarthritis risk.
Tangier disease
Tangier disease is a rare autosomal recessive cholesterol transport disorder with almost no HDL, causing orange-yellow tonsils, enlarged liver and spleen, and peripheral neuropathy, named for Tangier Island, Virginia.
Taniborbactam
Taniborbactam (VNRX-5133), Venatorx's bicyclic boronate beta-lactamase inhibitor, inhibits all four Ambler beta-lactamase classes including NDM/VIM metallo-enzymes; combined with cefepime, it beat meropenem in the CERTAIN-1 phase 3 cUTI trial and is under FDA review after a 2024 complete response letter.
Tanner scale
Tanner scale, or Sexual Maturity Rating, is a five-stage system by James Tanner rating breast, genital, and pubic hair development from prepubertal (1) to adult (5), used clinically for puberty timing.
Taohe Chengqi Tang
桃核承气汤 (Taohe Chengqi Decoction), a classical Chinese formula from Zhang Zhongjing's Shanghan Lun of five herbs (peach kernel, rhubarb, cinnamon twig, licorice, mirabilite) that purges heat and resolves blood stasis in lower-jiao blood-accumulation patterns.
Taohong Siwu Decoction
桃红四物汤 (Taohong Siwu Decoction), also called Jiawei Siwu Tang, a classic Chinese medicine blood-invigorating formula of six drugs (Siwu Tang plus peach kernel and safflower) from Yizong Jinjian, used for blood deficiency with stasis and studied for vascular, orthopedic, and gynecologic conditions.
Tap test (medicine)
The tap test is a lumbar puncture removing 30–50 mL of cerebrospinal fluid to see whether gait and cognition improve, predicting shunt benefit in normal pressure hydrocephalus.
TAPCAP trial
TAPCAP (Application of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Pre-hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients, NCT06672315) is an ongoing cluster-randomized Taiwan trial led by Jen-Tang Sun testing TEE-guided mechanical chest compression positioning versus standard landmark placement in adults with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, started December 2024, completing August 2027.
Tapentadol
Tapentadol (Nucynta, Palexia), a Schedule II MOR-NRI opioid analgesic combining mu-opioid agonism with noradrenaline reuptake inhibition, used for moderate to severe acute and chronic pain, two to three times less potent than morphine.
Tapetum lucidum
Tapetum lucidum: reflective layer behind the retina of many vertebrates and some invertebrates that boosts dim-light vision and causes eye-shine; types include retinal, guanine, cellulosum, and fibrosum tapeta; absent in primates, birds, and pigs.
Tapinarof
Tapinarof (benvitimod, WBI-1001, VTAMA) is a first-in-class topical aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist cream, FDA-approved for plaque psoriasis in 2022 and atopic dermatitis, with folliculitis and contact dermatitis as main side effects.
TAPUR trial
TAPUR (Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry, NCT02693535) is ASCO's phase II, non-randomized, open-label basket trial testing FDA-approved targeted drugs off-label against genomic variants in advanced cancer, using Simon two-stage cohorts with a ≥7/28 disease-control signal threshold.
Taramandura Guda
Taramandura guda (Tārāmaṇḍūra guḍa) is an Ayurvedic Formulary of India iron-based formulation (maṇḍūra with jaggery, Embelia ribes, trikatu, triphala-type fruits) dosed 500 mg–1.5 g for anemia (pāṇḍu), stomach ulcer, jaundice, and indigestion.
Taranabant
Taranabant (MK-0364) is a Merck cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist for obesity; it produced significant weight loss but dose-related psychiatric and gastrointestinal adverse events, and its Phase III development was discontinued in October 2008.
Tarcocimab tedromer
Tarcocimab tedromer (KSI-301, Zenkuda) is Kodiak Sciences' investigational intravitreal anti-VEGF antibody biopolymer conjugate, a 950 kDa humanized IgG1-polymer conjugate with 20-day ocular half-life for wet AMD, diabetic retinopathy, DME, and retinal vein occlusion.
Tardive dyskinesia
Tardive dyskinesia: a potentially irreversible involuntary movement disorder from prolonged dopamine receptor-blocking drug exposure, mainly antipsychotics; treated with VMAT-2 inhibitors valbenazine and deutetrabenazine, FDA approved in 2017.
Tarenflurbil
Tarenflurbil (MPC-7869, Flurizan, R-flurbiprofen) is a γ-secretase modulator developed by Myriad Genetics to lower Aβ42 in Alzheimer disease; its phase 3 trials failed and development was discontinued in 2008.
Target engagement assay
A target engagement assay measures whether a drug or chemical probe binds its intended molecular target inside intact cells rather than only in purified-protein preparations, validating compound-target interactions in drug discovery.
Target group
A target group, often called a target audience or target population, is the specific set of people a program or message is intended to reach and influence.
Target trial emulation
Target trial emulation is an epidemiologic design approach in which an observational analysis is structured to mimic a randomized clinical trial, estimating causal effects of treatment strategies.
Target-controlled infusion
Target-controlled infusion (TCI) is an anesthesia technique in which a computer-controlled pump delivers intravenous drugs to a plasma or effect-site concentration target, titrated to clinical effect.
Targeted biopsy
Targeted biopsy, also known as MRI-targeted or targeted prostate biopsy, uses MRI to guide needle sampling of suspicious prostate lesions, finding more clinically significant cancer than systematic biopsy.
Targeted immunotherapy
Targeted immunotherapy is a cancer treatment category whose agents include immune checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR T-cell therapies, first approved in 2011 for melanoma.
Targeted intraoperative radiotherapy
Targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT) delivers a single dose of low-energy X-rays to the tumor bed during breast-conserving surgery, replacing weeks of daily radiotherapy for many patients with early-stage breast cancer.
Targeted muscle reinnervation
Targeted muscle reinnervation, also known as targeted reinnervation, is a surgical procedure that redirects nerves severed by amputation to reduce phantom limb pain and improve prosthetic control.
Targeted PET imaging
Targeted PET imaging is a nuclear medicine method using radiolabeled tracers that bind molecular targets like PSMA or somatostatin receptors, visualized by positron emission tomography.
Targeted temperature management
Targeted temperature management (TTM), formerly therapeutic hypothermia, is protocolized temperature control after cardiac arrest. Current guidance targets 32–37.5 °C for at least 36 hours; TTM2 (2021) found no benefit of cooling to 33 °C over fever prevention.
Targeted therapy
Targeted therapy is a class of cancer treatment where drugs target specific molecular proteins, such as mutated antigens, driving tumor growth without killing all rapidly dividing cells.
Taribavirin
Taribavirin (viramidine) is an oral liver-targeted prodrug of ribavirin developed by Valeant for chronic hepatitis C; it caused less anemia than ribavirin but failed noninferiority in the VISER-1 and VISER-2 phase 3 trials and was not approved.