25,729 articles
B-CLEAN trial
The B-CLEAN trial, a Canadian program of endoscopist-blinded randomized trials at 10 hospitals, found low-volume split-dose polyethylene glycol bowel preparation noninferior to high-volume for colonoscopy cleansing.
B-lymphoblastic lymphoma
B-lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-LBL) is a rare, aggressive cancer of immature B-cell precursors that forms solid masses in lymph nodes, skin, or bone, differing from B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia only by limited bone marrow involvement.
B-Lynch suture
The B-Lynch suture is a uterine compression suture developed by Christopher B-Lynch in 1997 that controls severe postpartum hemorrhage when drugs fail, avoiding hysterectomy and preserving fertility.
B-scan ocular ultrasonography
B-scan ocular ultrasonography is a two-dimensional, brightness-mode ultrasound technique that images the eye's interior, most often when cataract, hemorrhage, or corneal opacity prevents direct viewing.
B-TEVAR trial
B-TEVAR (NCT01874197) is a University of Washington/Harborview investigator-initiated, single-center trial of Cook Medical branched and fenestrated-branched stent grafts for non-ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms, enrolling an estimated 290 patients with 12-month Treatment Success as the primary endpoint.
B. A. Schwetz
Bernard A. Schwetz was an American veterinary toxicologist who led the FDA's National Center for Toxicological Research from 1993 to 1999 and later served as Acting Deputy Commissioner.
B. K. S. Iyengar
B. K. S. Iyengar (Bellur Krishnamachar Sundararaja Iyengar, 1918–2014) was an Indian yoga teacher who founded Iyengar Yoga, known for precise alignment and props, and wrote Light on Yoga.
B. Price Kerfoot
B. Price Kerfoot is a physician and education researcher, an associate professor of surgery at Harvard Medical School and staff urologist at VA Boston, known for online spaced education.
B52 (medical treatment)
B52 is a US emergency-department drug cocktail for acute agitation: Benadryl (diphenhydramine 50 mg), 5 mg haloperidol, and 2 mg lorazepam; studies compare it with the two-drug "52" and with ketamine.
BA&UK study
BA&UK (NCT04792944), Brain Aneurysms: Utility of Cisternal Urokinase Irrigation, a completed University of Valencia retrospective study comparing clipping with single 100,000 UI cisternal urokinase bolus, endovascular treatment, and drainage for aneurysmal SAH outcomes.
Babbularista
Babbularista (Babbūlāriṣṭa) is a fermented Ayurvedic liquid medicine (ariṣṭa) from Acacia bark, jaggery, Woodfordia flowers, and spices, with 5–10% self-generated alcohol, official API Part-II Vol-II monograph, dose 10–25 ml.
BABEL trial
BABEL trial (Better tArgeting, Better outcomes for frail ELderly patients), NCT03649191: Canadian cluster randomized trial of structured advance care planning in 29 nursing homes, 713 frail residents, 2018–2020, improving ACP comprehensiveness and reducing antibiotics.
Baby colic
Baby colic (infantile colic) is excessive, unexplained crying in healthy infants under 5 months, defined by Wessel's rule of threes and Rome IV criteria; it resolves by 3-4 months, and probiotics show modest benefit mainly in breastfed babies.
Baby Fae
Baby Fae (Stephanie Fae Beauclair, 1984) was the first infant to receive a cross-species heart transplant, a baboon heart implanted by Leonard Bailey at Loma Linda; she lived 21 days.
Baby-led weaning
Baby-led weaning (BLW): infant self-feeding of whole finger foods from about 6 months instead of spoon-fed purées, coined by Gill Rapley in 2005. Trials show similar growth, iron status, and choking risk to spoon-feeding, with lower iron and zinc in observational studies.
BabySTEPS study
BabySTEPS (STudy of Eye imaging in Preterm infantS), NCT02887157, is Duke University's NIH-funded prospective observational study imaging preterm infants' retinas with handheld swept-source OCT to track RNFL, choroidal, and visual development and ROP biomarkers; distinct from the Easter Seals Baby Steps screening program.
Bacampicillin
Bacampicillin (Spectrobid) is an oral ester prodrug of ampicillin, hydrolyzed by intestinal esterases to ampicillin. It absorbs faster and more completely than ampicillin, allowing twice daily dosing; US product discontinued.
BACC study
BACC (Biomarkers in Acute Cardiac Care), NCT02355457, is an ongoing single-center prospective cohort study at Hamburg-Eppendorf enrolling suspected MI patients since July 2013 to derive troponin algorithms and multi-biomarker risk models.
Bach flower remedies
Bach flower remedies, also called flower essences, are 38 dilute flower preparations devised by Dr Edward Bach in the 1930s for negative emotions; placebo-controlled trials show no benefit beyond placebo, and they are probably safe.
Bachelor of Ayurveda, Medicine and Surgery
Bachelor of Ayurveda, Medicine and Surgery (BAMS, Ayurvedacharya) is India's 5.5-year undergraduate Ayurveda medical degree, including a one-year internship, regulated by NCISM (formerly CCIM), with over 240 colleges and NEET-based admission.
Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, also MBChB; Latin Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae) is the primary undergraduate medical degree in Commonwealth and related systems, regulated in India by the NMC with NEET-UG admission and CBME 2024 curriculum.
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN): the four-year US baccalaureate degree for registered nurses, distinct from the ADN and diploma pathways; covers curriculum, 400–1,000 clinical hours, NCLEX-RN licensure, costs, patient-outcome evidence, and RN-to-BSN and accelerated routes.
Bacilloscopy
Bacilloscopy, also called sputum smear microscopy or acid-fast bacillus (AFB) testing, is microscopic examination of stained smears to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Ziehl-Neelsen or auramine staining, 25-75% sensitivity versus culture, high specificity.
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin immunotherapy
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy is the standard treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a weakened tuberculosis bacterium is instilled into the bladder weekly to provoke an immune attack on tumor cells.
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy is an immunotherapy in which live Mycobacterium bovis is instilled into the bladder, the standard treatment after resection of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086
Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 (GanedenBC30, BC30) is a spore-forming probiotic strain by Ganeden Biotech, GRAS per FDA GRN 399 (2012), also cleared for infant formula (GRN 660) and inactivated use (GRN 670, 725).
Bacitracin
Bacitracin is a cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus subtilis/licheniformis that blocks undecaprenyl pyrophosphate recycling in Gram-positive cell wall synthesis; nephrotoxic, so used topically.
Back pain
Back pain, especially low back pain (lumbago), is pain between the lower ribs and buttocks; 619 million cases in 2020, leading cause of disability worldwide, about 90% non-specific, treated first with exercise and non-drug care.
Baclofen
Baclofen (Lioresal, FLEQSUVY, GABLOFEN) is a GABAB agonist muscle relaxant synthesized in 1962, FDA-approved in 1977 for spasticity from multiple sclerosis and spinal cord lesions, given orally or intrathecally, with boxed withdrawal warnings.
Bacosides-enriched standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri (BESEB, Memory Plus)
BESEB (CDRI-08, Memory Plus) is a bacosides-enriched standardized Bacopa monnieri extract developed by CSIR-CDRI Lucknow, licensed in 2002, standardized to 55% bacosides A and B, with modest memory-free-recall evidence.