Human health and medicine

Balajirakadi kvatha curna

Balajirakadi kvatha curna (Balājīrakādi kvātha cūrṇa), also called Balajirakadi kashaya, is an Ayurvedic coarse-powder decoction (AFI 4:23, AFI000250, 48 g dose) from Sahasrayoga 108, used for cough and asthma, with honey as adjuvant.

Balamurali Ambati

Balamurali Krishna "Bala" Ambati, American ophthalmologist and clinician-scientist, Guinness world's youngest doctor (Mount Sinai, 1995, age 17); corneal angiogenesis researcher, iVeena founder, Eugene, Oregon surgeon.

Balanced Dental Occlusion

Balanced dental occlusion (bilateral balanced occlusion, BBO): denture tooth arrangement with simultaneous working- and balancing-side contacts in centric and eccentric positions; evidence shows no superiority over lingualized occlusion or canine guidance for complete dentures.

Balanitis

Balanitis, with balanoposthitis, is inflammation of the glans penis and foreskin from infection, dermatoses, or premalignancy; common in uncircumcised males and boys, linked to diabetes, treated with antifungals, steroids, hygiene, or circumcision.

Balanitis or balanoposthitis

Balanitis, also called balanoposthitis when the foreskin is involved, is inflammation of the glans penis affecting up to 20% of uncircumcised men; usually caused by Candida, bacteria, or dermatoses, treated with hygiene measures and topical antifungals.

Balantidiasis

Balantidiasis, also called balantidiosis or ciliary dysentery, is an intestinal infection caused by the ciliate protozoan Balantidium coli (Balantioides coli), a swine-associated parasite transmitted by fecally contaminated food and water, usually asymptomatic but able to cause dysentery.

Balarista

Balarista (Balarishta, Balarishtam), a classical Ayurvedic fermented polyherbal arishta from Bhaishajya Ratnavali, based on Sida cordifolia and Withania somnifera, used for weakness and vata disorders, distinct from unrelated homonyms.

Balarka Rasa

Bālārka rasa (Balarka rasa), Ayurvedic Formulary of India formulation AFI000563, a herbo-mineral pediatric rasa medicine dosed at 125 mg, combining calcined calamine, coral, deer horn, cattle bile stone with saffron, zedoary, brahmi, and asafoetida.

Balasvagandhalaksadi taila

Balāśvagandhalākṣādi taila (Balashvagandhalakshadi taila) is a classical Ayurvedic medicated sesame oil cooked with bala, ashwagandha, laksha, and 23 listed ingredients, recorded in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI000127) for external Abhyanga massage.

Balcinrenone

Balcinrenone, formerly AZD9977, is an oral nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor modulator from AstraZeneca with partial antagonist activity intended to reduce hyperkalemia risk, now in phase 3 heart failure trials.

Balint syndrome

Balint syndrome (Balint-Holmes syndrome), first described by Rezső Bálint in 1909, is a rare visual disorder from bilateral parieto-occipital lesions, marked by simultanagnosia, optic ataxia, and oculomotor apraxia.

Balixafortide

Balixafortide (POL6326, SPX6326) is a 14-amino-acid cyclic peptide CXCR4 antagonist developed by Polyphor/Spexis via protein epitope mimetic technology; it mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells, but its phase 3 FORTRESS trial with eribulin in HER2-negative breast cancer missed its endpoints.

Balkan nephropathy

Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), also called Balkan nephropathy, is a chronic tubulointerstitial kidney disease of rural Danube-basin villages in the Balkans, caused by aristolochic acid and linked to upper urothelial cancer.

Baller-Gerold syndrome

Baller-Gerold syndrome (BGS), or craniosynostosis-radial aplasia syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive RECQL4 disorder combining coronal craniosynostosis with radial ray limb anomalies, poikiloderma, growth delay, and probable increased cancer risk.

Ballism

Ballism (ballismus, hemiballism) is a rare hyperkinetic movement disorder of violent, flinging proximal limb movements, classically from contralateral subthalamic nucleus lesions, treated with dopamine blockers or tetrabenazine.

Ballistocardiography

Ballistocardiography (BCG) is a noninvasive technique that graphically records the body's recoil motions caused by each heartbeat, used for unobtrusive monitoring of cardiac function, respiratory rate, and sleep.

Balloon ablation

Balloon ablation is a catheter-based cardiac ablation technique in which an inflatable balloon delivers cryothermal or radiofrequency energy to isolate the pulmonary veins for atrial fibrillation.

Balloon angioplasty

Balloon angioplasty, also called coronary balloon angioplasty, is a minimally invasive procedure that widens narrowed arteries by inflating a catheter-mounted balloon against plaque; first performed on a coronary artery by Andreas Grüntzig in 1977.

Balloon dilation

Balloon dilation is a medical procedure in which a catheter-mounted balloon is inflated inside a narrowed vessel, duct, or opening to widen it, used in arteries, the esophagus, and the urethra.

Balloon Embolectomy

Balloon embolectomy is a surgical procedure that removes a blood clot from an artery by withdrawing a catheter whose inflated balloon, passed beyond the clot, pushes the clot out.

Balloon endoscopy

Balloon endoscopy, also called balloon-assisted or device-assisted enteroscopy, uses inflatable balloons on an enteroscope and overtube to advance deep into the small intestine, supporting biopsies and hemostasis.

Balloon enteroscopy

Balloon enteroscopy is an endoscopic technique that uses a balloon-tipped overtube to advance a long enteroscope deep into the small intestine, diagnosing and treating small-bowel disease without surgery.

Balloon occlusion

Balloon occlusion is an endovascular technique in which an inflatable catheter balloon is inflated inside a blood vessel to stop or reduce blood flow, for hemorrhage control.

Balloon pulmonary angioplasty

Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA), also called percutaneous transluminal pulmonary angioplasty, is a staged catheter procedure dilating obstructed pulmonary arteries in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; revived by Japanese centers after 2012, it is guideline-recommended for inoperable CTEPH with 92% 3-year survival.

Balloon valvuloplasty

Balloon valvuloplasty is a catheter procedure that inflates a balloon across a narrowed heart valve to widen it, first-line for pulmonary and rheumatic mitral stenosis.

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) is a percutaneous procedure that treats gastric fundal varices in portal hypertension, introduced by Hiroshi Kanagawa in 1996 as an alternative to TIPS.

Balneotherapy

Balneotherapy is a treatment in which patients bathe in natural mineral or thermal waters, or apply heated mineral muds, to manage chronic rheumatic and skin conditions.

Baló concentric sclerosis

Baló concentric sclerosis (BCS), or concentric demyelination, is a rare multiple sclerosis variant with concentric ring-like white matter lesions of alternating myelinated and demyelinated tissue, described by József Baló in 1928, diagnosed by MRI, often monophasic.