25,729 articles
Balsalazide
Balsalazide (balsalazide disodium, Colazal) is an aminosalicylate prodrug for ulcerative colitis, cleaved by colonic bacterial azoreductases to release mesalamine (5-ASA); US-approved 2000, dosed 6.75 g/day capsules or 6.6 g/day tablets.
Balsam of Peru
Balsam of Peru (Myroxylon pereirae resin, Peru balsam) is an aromatic balsam from El Salvador used in fragrance allergy patch testing at 25% in petrolatum; sensitization occurs in 4-8% of tested patients, and it acts mainly as a marker of fragrance allergy.
Balstilimab
Balstilimab (AGEN-2034) is Agenus's fully human IgG4 anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor investigated in cervical cancer alone or with zalifrelimab, and with botensilimab in colorectal, pancreatic, ovarian, and renal cancers.
BALTAZAR trial
BALTAZAR (Biomarker of AmyLoid pepTide and AlZheimer's diseAse Risk, NCT01315639) is a French multicenter prospective cohort of MCI patients validating plasma and CSF biomarkers, notably Aβ42/40, p-tau181, and p-tau217, for predicting conversion to Alzheimer's dementia over three years.
Bambuterol
Bambuterol (Bambec), a biscarbamate prodrug of terbutaline, is an oral once-daily beta-2 agonist for asthma; activated by butyrylcholinesterase, lung-concentrated, 24-hour duration, 10-20 mg tablets.
Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome
Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome (Bamforth syndrome, OMIM 241850) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive congenital hypothyroidism disorder caused by FOXE1 mutations, featuring athyreosis, cleft palate, spiky hair, and sometimes choanal atresia.
Banana bag
Banana bag: hospital slang for a 1-liter IV drip with thiamine 100 mg, folic acid 1 mg, magnesium 1-2 g, and a multivitamin, given for alcohol-related malnutrition; guidelines now favor higher-dose thiamine instead.
Banga bhasma
Banga bhasma (Vanga bhasma) is an Ayurvedic herbo-metallic medicine of calcined tin, purified and incinerated with plant juices to crystalline tin oxide (SnO2), used traditionally for prameha, diabetes, and genitourinary disorders.
Bankart repair
A Bankart repair is surgery that reattaches a torn anteroinferior labrum and capsule to the glenoid rim to stop recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation, described by Bankart in 1923.
Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang
半夏白术天麻汤 (Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang), a classical Chinese medicine formula from Cheng Zhongling's Yixue Xinwu with six herbs including pinellia, gastrodia, and atractylodes; transforms phlegm, extinguishes wind, and treats wind-phlegm vertigo, headache, and ischemic stroke.
Banxia Houpo Tang
半夏厚朴汤 (Banxia Houpo Tang, Hangekobokuto), a five-herb classical Chinese medicine formula from the Jin Gui Yao Lue (3rd century) treating plum-pit qi, the globus throat sensation; also called Siqi Tang, used in China, Japan, and Taiwan.
Bao Xishun (鲍喜顺)
Bao Xishun (鲍喜顺, Xi Shun), born 1951, is a Chinese herdsman from Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, measured at 2.361 m (7 ft 8.95 in); Guinness World Records' tallest living man 2005-2009, succeeded by Sultan Kösen.
Baoding balls (保定健身球)
Baoding balls (保定健身球), Chinese exercise or medicine balls from Baoding, Hebei: pairs of steel, stone, or chiming hollow spheres rotated in one hand for dexterity, hand therapy, and meditation, first of Baoding's three treasures.
Baoyuan Decoction
保元汤 (Baoyuan Decoction), a classical Chinese medicine qi-tonifying formula from Sun Zhihong's Jianming Yiyao, contains ginseng, astragalus, licorice, cinnamon, and ginger; studied for heart failure, myocardial protection, immunity, and anti-aging effects.
Bapineuzumab
Bapineuzumab (AAB-001, ELN115727), Janssen/Elan/Pfizer humanized anti-amyloid-beta IgG1 antibody for Alzheimer's disease; failed four phase 3 trials in mild to moderate AD, withdrawn over lack of efficacy and ARIA-E risk.
Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome
Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome (BWCFF) is a rare genetic disorder marked by distinctive facial features, intellectual disability, and brain, eye, and other malformations, caused by ACTB or ACTG1 mutations.
Barasertib
Barasertib (AZD1152) is AstraZeneca's discontinued phosphate prodrug of the selective Aurora kinase B inhibitor AZD1152-HQPA (AZD2811), studied mainly in acute myeloid leukemia before phase III failure.
Barbara de Lateur
Barbara Jane de Lateur is an American physiatrist who led physical medicine and rehabilitation at Johns Hopkins and was elected to the Institute of Medicine in 1996.
Barbara J. Lowery
Barbara J. Lowery (died 2002) was an American nurse scientist and academic administrator at the University of Pennsylvania who applied attribution theory to psychiatric nursing research.
Barbara O'Neill
Barbara O'Neill, Australian naturopath and health educator, permanently banned by the NSW HCCC in 2019 for unproven claims that cancer is a fungus treatable with bicarbonate soda, vaccines are unsafe, and raw goat's milk can replace breast milk; still lectures internationally.
Barbell
Barbell: long metal bar with weighted plates secured at each end, the standard free-weight implement in weightlifting and powerlifting; IWF men's bar 20 kg, IPF bar 29 mm shaft, 1320 mm long; strength gains are modality-specific versus machines.
Barber surgeon
Barber surgeon: a medieval and early modern European practitioner combining barbering with surgery (bloodletting, tooth pulling, amputation). United in London's 1540 Company of Barber-Surgeons; split by the 1745 Act, leading to the Royal College of Surgeons.
Barber-Say syndrome
Barber-Say syndrome (BSS), also called hypertrichosis-atrophic skin-ectropion-macrostomia, is an extremely rare congenital TWIST2-related ectodermal dysplasia with hypertrichosis, redundant skin, ectropion, and macrostomia; about 20 cases reported.
Barbexaclone
Barbexaclone (Maliasin) is a salt of phenobarbital and propylhexedrine, ATC N03AA04, an anticonvulsant developed in 1950s Switzerland, used widely in Turkey until 2009, now largely discontinued.
Barbital
Barbital, also known as diethylbarbituric acid and originally sold as Veronal, is a long-acting barbiturate, the first of the class, marketed from 1904 as a sedative and hypnotic for insomnia.
Barbiturate
Barbiturates, CNS depressants derived from barbituric acid, are sedative-hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and anesthetics such as phenobarbital and thiopental; largely replaced by safer benzodiazepines due to overdose, abuse, and lethal withdrawal risks.
Barbiturate overdose
Barbiturate overdose, also called barbiturate intoxication or barbiturate poisoning, is toxic overingestion of sedative-hypnotic barbiturates such as phenobarbital; treated with supportive care, MDAC, and hemodialysis in severe long-acting cases, with 0.5-2% in-hospital mortality.
Barbotage
Barbotage is an image-guided needle procedure that fragments and aspirates calcific deposits in tendons, most often the rotator cuff, using pulsed saline lavage to relieve pain from calcific tendinitis.
Barcoded nanoparticles
Barcoded nanoparticles are drug delivery particles tagged with unique DNA markers, so dozens to hundreds of nanoparticle formulations can be tested in a single animal via sequencing.
Bardet-Biedl syndrome
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS, Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl) is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy causing retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, kidney disease, and hypogonadism, linked to 25-plus BBS genes.