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Best vitelliform macular dystrophy
Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD, Best disease, VMD2) is an autosomal dominant childhood-onset macular dystrophy caused by BEST1 chloride-channel mutations, with egg-yolk macular lesions, low EOG Arden ratio, good prognosis, and an OPGx-BEST1 gene therapy trial recruiting.
BEST-CLI trial
BEST-CLI (NCT02060630), an NHLBI-funded international randomized open-label trial, compared surgical bypass with endovascular therapy in 1,830 chronic limb-threatening ischemia patients; bypass with adequate great saphenous vein reduced major adverse limb events or death (42.6% vs 57.4%).
Beta blocker
Beta blockers (beta adrenergic blocking agents) are drugs blocking beta-1/beta-2 adrenaline receptors, slowing heart rate and lowering blood pressure. Developed by James Black (propranolol, 1965; Nobel Prize 1988); used for angina, arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, glaucoma, migraine, anxiety.
Beta Rhythm
Beta rhythm: EEG brain waves of 15–30 Hz (often 13–30 Hz) seen during wakefulness and mental activity; named by Hans Berger in 1930, low amplitude (10–20 µV), frontal-central, enhanced by sedatives.
Beta thalassemia
Beta thalassemia (Cooley's anemia, transfusion-dependent thalassemia) is an inherited disorder of reduced beta-globin production causing anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis, and iron overload; treated with transfusions, chelation, transplant, and gene therapy.
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1), a cardiac Gs-coupled GPCR activated by norepinephrine; target of beta-1 selective blockers like metoprolol and bisoprolol; gene on chromosome 10q24-q26.
Beta-glucan
Beta-glucan (β-glucan) is a polysaccharide of joined glucose molecules found in oats, barley, baker's yeast, and mushrooms, known for lowering cholesterol and being studied for immune and cancer effects.
Beta-mannosidosis
Beta-mannosidosis (beta-mannosidase deficiency, lysosomal beta A mannosidosis) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by MANBA variants, with intellectual disability, hearing loss, angiokeratomas, and about 46 reported human cases.
Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration
BPAN (SENDA, NBIA5) is a rare X-linked dominant NBIA disorder caused by WDR45 variants, causing childhood seizures and developmental delay, then parkinsonism, dystonia, and dementia in early adulthood.
Beta-sarcoglycan-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R4
Beta-sarcoglycan-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R4 (LGMDR4, formerly LGMD2E) is an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy caused by SGCB gene variants, with progressive weakness beginning in childhood and loss of walking around age 20.
Beta-thalassemia intermedia
Beta-thalassemia intermedia (non-transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia, Beta-NTDT): autosomal recessive beta-thalassemia form with mild to moderate anemia (Hb 7-10 g/dL) needing no or only occasional transfusion, onset in childhood, ICD-10 D56.1.
Beta-thalassemia major
Beta-thalassemia major (Cooley anemia, beta-TDT) is the severe autosomal recessive HBB-related anemia requiring lifelong transfusions every 3-4 weeks, iron chelation, and curative HSCT or gene therapy (Zynteglo, Casgevy).
Beta-thalassemia-X-linked thrombocytopenia syndrome
Beta-thalassemia-X-linked thrombocytopenia syndrome (XLTT, OMIM 314050) is a rare X-linked recessive GATA1 (Xp11.23) disorder causing macrothrombocytopenia, grey platelets, splenomegaly, and mild beta-thalassemia via R216Q, not HBB mutations.
Beta2-adrenergic agonist
Beta2-adrenergic agonists (beta2-agonists, SABA/LABA such as salbutamol, salmeterol, formoterol) are bronchodilator drugs stimulating airway beta2 receptors, frontline for asthma and COPD, developed from 1900s adrenaline through 1968 salbutamol to modern ICS-combination therapy.
Betahistine
Betahistine (Serc, Betaserc) is an oral prescription H1 agonist/H3 antagonist used for Ménière's disease vertigo; dosed 24-48 mg daily, widely prescribed in Europe but not FDA approved, with weak clinical-trial evidence.
Betamethasone
Betamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid, the 16β-methyl epimer of dexamethasone, used topically for psoriasis and eczema, antenatally for fetal maturation, and systemically; ATC R03BA04, UNII 9842X06Q6M.
BetaTACSFTD trial
BetaTACSFTD (NCT07505784) is a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled cross-over trial of single-session beta-frequency tACS (2.5 mA, 60 min) in frontotemporal dementia, led by Barbara Borroni at IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, with EEG and TMS outcomes.
Betazole
Betazole (ametazole, Histalog), C5H9N3, is a pyrazole analogue of histamine and H2 receptor agonist used diagnostically to stimulate gastric acid secretion, with fewer side effects than histamine; its branded injectable product is discontinued.
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School, formed by 1996 merger of Beth Israel and New England Deaconess hospitals; 766 beds, Beth Israel Lahey Health founding hospital, Dana-Farber partner from 2028.
Beth Israel Lahey Health
Beth Israel Lahey Health is a nonprofit health care system headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, formed in 2019 by the merger of Lahey Health and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
Beth Israel Medical Center
Beth Israel Medical Center, later Mount Sinai Beth Israel, was a New York City hospital founded in 1889 for Lower East Side Jewish immigrants, renamed in 1965, merged into Mount Sinai Health System in 2013, and closed April 9, 2025.
Bethanidine
Bethanidine (betanidine, B.W. 467C60, Esbatal) is a guanidinium sympatholytic antihypertensive, C10H15N3, half-life 9 hours, approved in the UK in 1963 and later discontinued; it resembled guanethidine but caused no diarrhea.
Bethany C. Meyers
Bethany C. Meyers (born 1990), also Bethany Meyers, is an American fitness entrepreneur in New York City, founder and CEO of the be.come project, author of I Am More Than My Body (2023), and spouse of actor Nico Tortorella.
Bethesda assay
The Bethesda assay is a hematology laboratory mixing test that quantifies neutralizing antibodies against coagulation factor VIII, the reference method for measuring inhibitors in hemophilia A and acquired hemophilia.
Bethesda system
The Bethesda system is a standardized category-based terminology for reporting cytology results, created for cervical (Pap) tests in 1988 and extended to thyroid fine-needle aspiration in 2009.
Bethlem muscular dystrophy
Bethlem muscular dystrophy, historically called Bethlem myopathy, is a mild, slowly progressive inherited muscle disorder caused by collagen VI gene variants, leaving most people walking into late adulthood.
Bethlem Royal Hospital
Bethlem Royal Hospital, also known as Bedlam, founded 1247 in Bishopsgate, London, is the world's oldest psychiatric institution, now an NHS hospital in Beckenham run by South London and Maudsley Trust.
Betibeglogene autotemcel
Betibeglogene autotemcel (beti-cel, Zynteglo) is bluebird bio's lentiviral gene therapy adding βA-T87Q-globin to autologous CD34+ cells for transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia; FDA approved August 2022, EU authorisation withdrawn 2022.
Betrixaban
Betrixaban, sold as Bevyxxa, is an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor approved by the FDA in 2017 to prevent venous thromboembolism in hospitalized adults with limited mobility.
Betsy L. Humphreys
Betsy L. Humphreys is an American medical librarian who spent 44 years at the National Library of Medicine, serving as its acting director from 2015 to 2016.