25,729 articles
Benzhydrocodone
Benzhydrocodone is a prodrug of hydrocodone, developed as KP201 and sold in the United States with acetaminophen as Apadaz, approved in February 2018 for acute pain.
Benzocaine
Benzocaine, the ethyl ester of 4-aminobenzoic acid, is a topical sodium-channel-blocking local anesthetic discovered by Eduard Ritsert in 1903, used in Orajel and similar products but restricted for teething due to methemoglobinemia risk.
Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepines (benzos), including alprazolam, diazepam, clonazepam, and lorazepam, are GABA-A positive allosteric modulator sedatives for anxiety, insomnia, and seizures, first introduced with chlordiazepoxide in 1960, and carrying FDA-boxed-warning risks of dependence and withdrawal.
Benzodiazepine overdose
Benzodiazepine overdose: poisoning by GABA_A-positive allosteric modulator sedatives. Isolated oral overdose is rarely fatal; risk rises with opioid, alcohol, or other co-ingestants. Flumazenil is the antidote but is not used routinely; 118,208 US deaths 2000–2019.
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome: symptoms (insomnia, seizures, perceptual disturbances) after stopping benzodiazepines in physically dependent users; risk rises with over 4 months' use, high dose, abrupt stop, short-acting drugs; managed by gradual tapering.
Benzonatate
Benzonatate (Tessalon) is a non-narcotic prescription oral antitussive approved by the FDA in 1958, chemically related to tetracaine, that anesthetizes pulmonary stretch receptors; dosed up to 600 mg daily, with fatal overdose risk in children under 10.
Benzphetamine
Benzphetamine (Didrex) is a US Schedule III sympathomimetic amine anorectic, approved in 1960, used short-term with diet for obesity (BMI 30+), dosed 25-50 mg one to three times daily; brand discontinued, generics remain.
Benzquinamide
Benzquinamide is a discontinued synthetic benzoquinolizine drug developed by Pfizer, marketed as Quantril for anxiety and as Emete-Con, an injectable antiemetic approved in 1974, with sedative and antihistaminic properties.
Benzthiazide
Benzthiazide is a thiazide diuretic of the same family as chlorothiazide, used to treat hypertension and edema; clinically evaluated in 1960, it has since been discontinued.
Benzydamine
Benzydamine (benzydamine hydrochloride, Tantum) is a topical indazole NSAID marketed since 1966 as 0.15% mouthwash and spray for sore throat and oral mucositis; weak base, cytokine-inhibiting, locally anesthetic, and hallucinogenic when abused at high doses.
Benzylpenicillin
Benzylpenicillin (penicillin G, penicillin II) is a beta-lactamase-sensitive injectable beta-lactam antibiotic, 600 mg = 1 million IU, first-choice with gentamicin for neonatal sepsis, facing global benzathine salt shortages.
Beperminogene perplasmid
Beperminogene perplasmid (Collategene, AMG0001, HGF plasmid) is a naked plasmid DNA gene therapy encoding human hepatocyte growth factor, approved conditionally in Japan in 2019 for chronic arterial occlusive disease ulcers and under FDA BLA review in the US.
Bepirovirsen
Bepirovirsen, marketed in Japan as Hibsago, is a GSK and Ionis antisense oligonucleotide that targets hepatitis B virus RNA, approved in Japan in 2026 for chronic hepatitis B.
Bepotastine
Bepotastine (Talion, Bepreve), a second-generation H1-antihistamine besilate salt, oral in Japan since 2000 for allergic rhinitis and urticaria, ophthalmic 1.5% FDA-approved 2009 for allergic conjunctivitis itching; among the least sedating antihistamines.
Bepridil
Bepridil is a long-acting calcium channel blocker with anti-arrhythmic activity, approved in 1990 for angina and hypertension, withdrawn in the United States for causing torsade de pointes.
Beraprost
Beraprost (beraprost sodium), also sold as Dorner or Procylin, is the first orally active prostacyclin analogue, developed by Toray and approved in Japan in 1992 for chronic arterial occlusion and 1999 for primary pulmonary hypertension.
Berberine
Berberine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid from Coptis chinensis and Berberis plants, is a supplement studied for type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia; meta-analyses show HbA1c reductions near 0.6-0.7 points, under 1% oral bioavailability, and mainly gastrointestinal side effects.
Berdazimer sodium
Berdazimer sodium (ZELSUVMI) is a polymeric nitric oxide-releasing topical gel, 10.3%, FDA-approved January 5, 2024 for molluscum contagiosum in patients 1 year and older; applied once daily for 12 weeks, it cleared lesions in 32.4% versus 19.7% with vehicle in B-SIMPLE4.
Beremagene geperpavec
Beremagene geperpavec (Vyjuvek, B-VEC, beremagene geperpavec-svdt) is a topical HSV-1 vector gene therapy delivering COL7A1 for dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa wounds; FDA-approved May 2023, EU April 2025, weekly gel dosing.
Berg Balance Scale
The Berg Balance Scale is a 14-item clinical test that scores functional balance tasks from 0 to 56 to quantify fall risk and track rehabilitation progress.
Berkeley Moynihan, 1st Baron Moynihan
Berkeley Moynihan, 1st Baron Moynihan (1865–1936), was a British abdominal surgeon who made Leeds an international surgical center and helped found the British Journal of Surgery.
Berlin Questionnaire
The Berlin Questionnaire is a self-administered screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea in adults, covering snoring, daytime sleepiness, and hypertension or obesity, developed for primary care in 1999.
Bermekimab
Bermekimab (MABp1, Xilonix, JNJ-77474462) is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody neutralizing interleukin-1 alpha, trialed in hidradenitis suppurativa, atopic dermatitis, colorectal cancer, and systemic sclerosis; not approved.
Bernard D. Goldstein
Bernard D. Goldstein is an American environmental toxicologist and public health physician, emeritus dean at the University of Pittsburgh and a former EPA research administrator.
Bernard Lewinsky
Bernard Salomon Lewinsky, Los Angeles radiation oncologist and father of Monica Lewinsky; developed the first freestanding radiation therapy clinics in Los Angeles and co-founded the American Brachytherapy Society's predecessor.
Bernheim syndrome
Bernheim syndrome: proposed right ventricular compression by a hypertrophied septum causing right heart failure without lung congestion, described by Hippolyte Bernheim in 1910 and now considered a doubtful entity.
Berocca
Berocca is Bayer's brand of high-dose B-complex multivitamin effervescent supplements with vitamin C, magnesium and zinc, launched by Roche in 1972 and sold to Bayer in 2004, studied for mood, stress and cognitive effects.
Berotralstat
Berotralstat (BCX7353, Orladeyo) is an oral once-daily plasma kallikrein inhibitor for prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema attacks, first FDA-approved December 3, 2020, now indicated for ages 2 and older.
Besifloxacin
Besifloxacin (Besivance) is a topical 8-chloro fluoroquinolone antibiotic, the first chlorofluoroquinolone made only for ophthalmic use, FDA approved in 2009 for bacterial conjunctivitis; it inhibits both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
Besilesomab
Besilesomab (Scintimun, clone BW 250/183) is a murine IgG1 antibody against granulocyte antigen NCA-95/CD66b, radiolabelled with technetium-99m for scintigraphic imaging of peripheral bone osteomyelitis in adults; EU-approved 2010, not for diabetic foot, HAMA-limiting.