727 articles
Rhizoctonia
Rhizoctonia (DC. 1805) is a genus of soil-borne basidiomycete fungi, also historically split as Thanatephorus and Ceratobasidium, defined by non-sporing mycelium, sclerotia, and dolipore septa. Its best-known species, R. solani, is an anastomosis-grouped species complex infecting over 200 crop species, causing damping-off, root rot, and sheath blight.
Rhizomucor
Rhizomucor, a genus of thermophilic Mucorales fungi (R. miehei, R. pusillus), grows above 50 °C, causes about 5% of mucormycosis cases, and yields industrial rennet and lipase enzymes.
Rhizophagus irregularis
Rhizophagus irregularis (formerly Glomus intraradices/G. irregulare) is a model arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus symbiotic with ~80% of plant species; strain DAOM197198 was the first AMF genome sequenced.
Rhizopus
Rhizopus, a genus of fast-growing Mucorales molds with rhizoids and sporangia, includes bread mold R. stolonifer, tempeh culture R. oligosporus, and R. arrhizus (syn. R. oryzae), the leading cause of mucormycosis.
Rhizopus oryzae
Rhizopus oryzae, synonym of Rhizopus arrhizus, is a Mucorales mold: the leading cause of mucormycosis worldwide and a GRAS industrial fungus producing lactic acid, fumaric acid, and lipases.
Rhizopus stolonifer
Rhizopus stolonifer, black bread mold (syn. R. nigricans), is a fast-growing Mucorales fungus causing soft rot of over 100 postharvest fruits; grows at 15–30°C, fails above 33°C, sporangia up to 275 μm.
Rhodotorula
Rhodotorula is a genus of red or pink pigmented basidiomycetous yeasts described in 1928, found in many environments and known for producing carotenoids and occasionally causing infections.
Ricin poisoning
Ricin poisoning is illness caused by ricin, a highly potent protein poison from castor beans that kills cells by blocking protein synthesis; there is no antidote.
Rickenella
Rickenella (Rickenellaceae, Hymenochaetales) is a genus of tiny moss-associated agaric fungi, type species R. fibula, the orange mosscap, distinguished by prominent cystidia and bryophilous, partly biotrophic nutrition.
Rock tripe
Rock tripe, also called tripe de roche or navel lichen, is an edible lichen, mostly Umbilicaria, that clings to bare rock and is eaten as an emergency food.
Rozella
Rozella, genus of 27 species of unwalled endobiotic parasites of water molds and zoosporic fungi, earliest-diverging fungal lineage in Cryptomycota (Rozellomycota), with uniflagellate zoospores and walled resting spores.
Rozellomycota
Rozellomycota (Cryptomycota, Rozellida) is an early-diverging fungal phylum containing the parasitic genus Rozella and many uncultured environmental lineages, sister to Microsporidia, lacking chitin-rich walls in observed stages.
Rusavskia elegans
Rusavskia elegans, also called Xanthoria elegans or elegant sunburst lichen, is an orange-red rock lichen (Teloschistaceae) with parietin UV screening, bipolar distribution from Arctic to Antarctica and high mountains, thalli 3–6 cm across.
Russula
Russula (brittlegills), Persoon 1796, a genus of 2,000-3,000 ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete fungi in Russulaceae with brittle sphaerocyte flesh, white-to-ochre spore prints, ITS-rpb2 DNA barcoding, and both edible and toxic species.
Russula amoenolens
Russula amoenolens, the Camembert brittlegill, is a brittlegill mushroom described by Henri Romagnesi from France in 1952. Its acrid taste and odor of cooked crustaceans make it inedible.
Russula cyanoxantha
Russula cyanoxantha, the Charcoal Burner, is a common European brittlegill mushroom with a variably purple, green and grey cap, uniquely flexible greasy gills, white spore print, and mild choice-edible flesh under beech and oak.
Russula densifolia
Russula densifolia (Crowded Brittlegill, Fijnplaatrussula), a blackening russula in subgenus Compactae with dense gills, red-then-black bruising flesh, ectomycorrhizal with beech, oak, and lime; edible status disputed, confused with lethal R. subnigricans.
Russula emetica
Russula emetica, the sickener or emetic russula, is a red-capped, white-gilled, brittle Russula (Russulaceae) with burning acrid flesh; poisonous, causing vomiting, mycorrhizal with pines, and historically confused with R. nobilis and R. mairei.
Russula nigricans
Russula nigricans, the blackening brittlegill (basionym Agaricus nigricans Bull. 1785), is an ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae fungus in subgenus Compactae with thick distant gills and flesh that reddens then blackens; lookalikes include R. densifolia, R. adusta, and toxic R. subnigricans.
Russula nobilis
Russula nobilis (Beechwood Sickener, syn. Russula mairei) is a toxic red-capped brittlegill described by Velenovský in 1920, ectomycorrhizal with beech, causing gastrointestinal poisoning if eaten raw.
Russula rosea
Russula rosea Pers. (Rosy Brittlegill, Tegyll Brau Gwridog) is a mild, red-capped brittlegill mushroom described in 1796, synonymous with R. lepida, homonym of Quélélet's 1886 name now R. velutipes, edible, source of the first lectin reported from Russula.
Russula subg. Fragilis
Russula subg. Fragilis is a proposed subgenus of the brittlegill mushrooms, centered on Russula fragilis, a mushroom with brittle flesh and an acrid taste that grows with birch, oak, and pine.
Russula subg. Ingratae
Russula subg. Ingratae, also called Russula sect. Ingratae, is a group of ectomycorrhizal brittlegill mushrooms typed by Russula foetens, defined by foetid odors, acrid flesh, and cream spore prints.
Russula subnigricans (ニセクロハツ)
Russula subnigricans (ニセクロハツ) is a deadly Russulaceae mushroom described by Hongo in 1955; its toxin cycloprop-2-ene carboxylic acid causes fatal rhabdomyolysis, with mortality above 50 percent.
Russula vesca
Russula vesca, the bare-toothed brittlegill or The Flirt, is an edible ectomycorrhizal fungus (Russulaceae) described by Fries in 1836, identified by a cap cuticle retracting from the margin, mild hazelnut taste, white spore print, and oak-beech association.
Russula vinosa
Russula vinosa Lindblad (1901), the darkening brittlegill (vinkremla, vinrød kremle), is an edible ectomycorrhizal brittlegill of moist conifer forests across Eurasia and North America, IUCN Least Concern, with a wine-red cap that browns with age.
Russula virescens
Russula virescens, the green-cracking russula or greencracked brittlegill, is an edible green-capped mushroom with a cracked mosaic cap, found with broadleaf trees in Europe, Asia, and North Africa; DNA studies split off lookalikes R. parvovirescens and R. orientalovirescens.
Russula xerampelina
Russula xerampelina, the crab brittlegill or shrimp russula, is an edible Eurasian brittlegill mushroom recognized by a shellfish odor, ochre-brown bruising, and an ochre spore print; the name covers a Northern Hemisphere species complex.
Russulaceae
Russulaceae, the brittlegill and milkcap family (Russula, Lactarius, Lactifluus, Multifurca), is a basidiomycete fungal family of ectomycorrhizal forest symbionts, split from two traditional genera into four by molecular phylogenetics.
Russulales
Russulales is an order of Agaricomycetes fungi with 12 families, 110 genera, and over 3,500 species, dominated by the gilled ectomycorrhizal mushrooms Russula and Lactarius, and also including polypores, tooth fungi, crusts, coral fungi, and truffle-like forms united by amyloid spores and gloeoplerous hyphae.