727 articles
Rust fungus life cycle
The rust fungus life cycle is the sequence of up to five spore stages, from spermatia to basidiospores, by which rust fungi reproduce, often on two unrelated plant hosts.
Saccharomyces
Saccharomyces is a genus of budding yeasts with eight species including baker's yeast S. cerevisiae and the wild S. paradoxus and S. eubayanus; known for fermentation, frequent hybridization, and the first sequenced eukaryotic genome.
Saccharomyces boulardii
Saccharomyces boulardii is a nonpathogenic yeast, taxonomically a variant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, used as a probiotic mainly to prevent and treat diarrhea; Henri Boulard identified it in 1923.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, baker's or budding yeast, is a single-celled eukaryotic fungus used in bread, beer, and wine, the first sequenced eukaryote, and the model yeast with all 16 chromosomes synthesized in Sc2.0.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae brewing, wine, and liquor strains
Brewing, wine, and liquor strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: domesticated yeast lineages fermenting beer, wine, cider, whisky, rum, and sake, with strain-specific flavor traits, GRAS-notified engineered strains (BY-1248, BY-1532, BY-927), and stress-tolerance breeding.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentate
Dried Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast fermentate (EpiCor), a whole-broth yeast powder; GRAS notified by Cargill as GRN 928, FDA no-questions letter May 14, 2021, intended at 500 mg/serving in beverages and foods.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ML01 (malolactic wine yeast)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ML01, a genetically modified malolactic wine yeast carrying S. pombe mae1 and O. oeni mleA at URA3, first GM wine yeast commercialized, FDA GRAS 2003 (GRN 120), converts malate to lactate during alcoholic fermentation.
Saccharomyces Genome Database
Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD, yeastgenome.org): curated knowledgebase for budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, founded 1993 at Stanford by David Botstein and J. Michael Cherry; maintains the S288C reference genome, GO and phenotype annotations, and cofounded the Alliance of Genome Resources.
Saccharomycetales
Saccharomycetales is an order of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota whose yeasts multiply by budding or fission, including baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the pathogen Candida albicans.
Saproamanita
Saproamanita (also Aspidella E.-J. Gilbert, Lepidella) is a 2016-proposed genus of saprotrophic amanitoid mushrooms, type S. vittadinii, split from ectomycorrhizal Amanita; the split remains contested and NCBI flags the name in brackets.
Saproamanita inopinata
Saproamanita inopinata (basionym Amanita inopinata D.A. Reid & Bas 1987), the Surprise Amanita, a rare saprotrophic Amanitaceae mushroom described from Kent, England, spreading in Europe and known from New Zealand and Australia.
Saproamanita thiersii
Saproamanita thiersii, also called Amanita thiersii or Thiers' lepidella, is a white, shaggy saprotrophic lawn mushroom in Amanitaceae, expanding across the US Midwest since about 1990 and named for mycologist Harry Thiers.
Saprotrophic nutrition
Saprotrophic nutrition, also called saprophytic nutrition, is a form of heterotrophic nutrition in which an organism called a saprotroph feeds on dead organic matter by secreting digestive enzymes.
Scedosporium
Scedosporium, also historically Pseudallescheria, is a genus of saprophytic ascomycete molds causing mycetoma, cystic fibrosis airway colonization, and invasive scedosporiosis with high mortality and antifungal resistance; Lomentospora prolificans is now separate.
Schizophyllum
Schizophyllum, a genus of wood-rotting basidiomycete fungi (split gills, Schizophyllum commune), known for tetrapolar mating with thousands of mating types, schizophyllan, and respiratory infections.
Schizosaccharomyces
Schizosaccharomyces (fission yeasts) is a genus of ascomycete fungi in Taphrinomycotina that divides by fission, not budding. Includes the model organism S. pombe, isolated from African millet beer; species counts range from four to seven across sources.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model organism
Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the fission yeast, is a rod-shaped unicellular eukaryote model organism with three chromosomes and a 12.6 Mb genome, famous for cell-cycle research that earned Paul Nurse the 2001 Nobel Prize and for metazoan-like features absent from budding yeast.
Sclerococcum
Sclerococcum (Fries 1825) is a lichenicolous fungal genus in Dactylosporaceae, Sclerococcales, Eurotiomycetes, forming black sporodochia on lichen hosts; it absorbed Dactylospora and Polydiscidium.
Scopulariopsis
Scopulariopsis (Bainier 1907), type species S. brevicaulis, a Microascaceae mold genus of soil and indoor saprobes; hyaline and dematiaceous species, opportunistic human pathogens, notably onychomycosis, with high intrinsic antifungal resistance.
Sebacina
Sebacina is a genus of basidiomycete fungi (Sebacinaceae, Sebacinales) forming orchid, ericoid, and ectomycorrhizas; polyphyletic, often missed by culturing, with Sebacina vermifera its best-known species complex.
Selenium yeast
Selenium yeast (selenium-enriched yeast, Se-yeast): dried non-viable Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in selenium-rich media, converting selenite mainly into selenomethionine; used as a human supplement and animal feed additive.
Shiitake
Shiitake (椎茸, Lentinula edodes) is an East Asian edible wood-decaying mushroom, the world's most-produced cultivated species at 26% of global output, grown on hardwood logs or sawdust bags.
Silibinin
Silibinin (silybin, mixture of silybins A and B) is the major flavonolignan of silymarin from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), with antioxidant hepatoprotective activity, poor water solubility and oral bioavailability, and intravenous use in Europe as the amatoxin mushroom poisoning antidote.
Soma (drink)
Soma (Sanskrit सोम, cognate with Avestan haoma) was the pressed ritual drink of Vedic sacrifice, deified in the Rigveda's ninth book; its plant identity remains unresolved, with Ephedra, Amanita muscaria, and Peganum harmala the leading candidates.
Sooty mold
Sooty mold, also called sooty mould, is a group of over 200 saprophytic Ascomycete fungi (Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes; Eurotiomycetes) that grow black coatings on insect honeydew on plants, reducing photosynthesis; managed by controlling honeydew insects and washing plants.
Spent mushroom compost
Spent mushroom compost (SMC, spent mushroom substrate) is the composted leftover substrate from mushroom farming, used as soil amendment, organic fertilizer, peat substitute, and disease suppressant; high in salts and organic matter.
Sphaerobolus
Sphaerobolus, the artillery or cannonball fungus (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota), ejects a 1-mm gleba up to 6 m by osmotic membrane eversion; species include S. stellatus, S. iowensis, and S. ingoldii.
Spongiforma squarepantsii
Spongiforma squarepantsii, the Spongebob squarepants mushroom, is a gasteroid bolete fungus (Boletaceae) described in 2011 from Lambir Hills, Sarawak, Borneo; sponge-like orange fruit bodies, sister species S. thailandica of Thailand.
Spore prints and chemical spot tests
Spore prints and chemical spot tests are bench techniques mushroom identifiers use to record spore color and test tissue chemistry with reagents like KOH and Melzer's, separating lookalike species.
Sporothrix
Sporothrix, dimorphic Ascomycete fungi causing sporotrichosis (rose gardener's disease); S. schenckii complex species; S. brasiliensis spreads zoonotically via cats; itraconazole first-line.