727 articles
Umbelopsis ramanniana
Umbelopsis ramanniana (basionym Mucor ramannianus) is an oleaginous zygomycete fungus in Umbelopsidales, a forest-soil species used in lipid and carotenoid biotechnology, later shown to be a complex of five cryptic species.
Uncinula necator
Uncinula necator, also known as Erysiphe necator, is an ascomycete fungus that causes powdery mildew of grape, infecting only grapevines and believed to have originated in eastern North America.
Urocystis agropyri
Urocystis agropyri, also called Urocystis tritici, is a smut fungus (Urocystidaceae) causing flag smut of wheat and grasses; leaf streaks, soilborne spores, controlled by seed treatment.
Usnea
Usnea (beard lichens) is a genus of over 350 fruticose lichen-forming fungi in Parmeliaceae, identified by usnic acid in the cortex and an elastic central cord; four subgenera, difficult taxonomy, hepatotoxic usnic acid.
Usnic acid
Usnic acid is a yellow, chiral compound produced only by lichens, valued as an antimicrobial and used in cosmetics and toothpaste, though oral use can cause liver injury.
Ustilaginales
Ustilaginales, the smut fungi, an order of Basidiomycota (Ustilaginomycetes) plant pathogens with over 1,200 species; Ustilago maydis causes corn smut, Ustilago nuda and U. tritici loose smut of barley and wheat.
Ustilaginomycetes
Ustilaginomycetes (Warming, 1884) is a class of smut fungi in Ustilaginomycotina, Basidiomycota: teliosporic, gastroid plant parasites with enlarged host interaction zones, split into Urocystales and Ustilaginales, mostly on grasses and sedges.
Ustilago
Ustilago, a genus of about 300 basidiomycete smut fungi (loose smuts) in Ustilaginaceae, parasitizing monocots; includes Ustilago maydis, the corn smut model and biotech host.
Venturia inaequalis
Venturia inaequalis, the ascomycete fungus causing apple scab (black spot) on apple and crabapple; overwinters in leaf litter as pseudothecia, releases spring ascospores, and is managed by resistant cultivars, sanitation, and rotated fungicides.
Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliae (Klebahn 1913), type species of Verticillium, soilborne vascular wilt fungus infecting over 200 plant species; persists as melanized microsclerotia in soil for years to decades; reference genome VdLs.17, 10,535 genes.
Verticillium dry bubble
Verticillium dry bubble, also called dry bubble disease or la môle, is a mushroom disease caused by Lecanicillium fungicola (formerly Verticillium fungicola), marked by deformed tissue masses, stipe blow-out, and cap spotting on Agaricus bisporus.
Volvariella
Volvariella is a genus of about 125 pink-spored, volva-bearing agaric fungi (Volvariellaceae), including the cultivated paddy straw mushroom V. volvacea, and is often confused with deadly Amanita species.
Volvariella bombycina
Volvariella bombycina, the silky rosegill, is an edible wood-inhabiting Agaricales mushroom with a silky white cap, free pink gills, and a basal volva; basionym Agaricus bombycinus Schaeff. 1774, combined by Singer in 1951.
Volvopluteus
Volvopluteus, also known from the old name Volvariella gloiocephala group, is a small Pluteaceae agaric genus with a volva, spores over 11 µm, and a gelatinous cap cuticle; type species V. gloiocephalus grows on compost worldwide.
Volvopluteus gloiocephalus
Volvopluteus gloiocephalus, the stubble rosegill (syn. Volvariella gloiocephala), is a saprotrophic Pluteaceae mushroom with sticky cap, pink gills, and a basal volva; type species of Volvopluteus, urban habitats, cadmium-accumulating edible.
Wallemia sebi
Wallemia sebi is a xerophilic, air-borne fungus that grows on low-moisture foods like salted dried fish, cereals, and spices, and is linked to allergies and asthma.
Wallemiomycetes
Wallemiomycetes is a 2005 class of xerophilic basidiomycete fungi containing the genus Wallemia and order Wallemiales, placed in subphylum Wallemiomycotina as sister to Agaricomycotina; includes the most halophilic known fungus, Wallemia ichthyophaga.
Wild-harvested mushroom commerce
Wild-harvested mushroom commerce is the commercial trade in edible fungi gathered from forests, chiefly morels, chanterelles, boletes, and matsutake, moving from North American and Chinese forests to Europe and Japan.
Wolfiporia
Wolfiporia (Ryvarden & Gilb. 1984), also known via synonyms Poria cocos, W. cocos, W. extensa, fuling or fu-ling, is a Polyporales wood-decay fungus genus whose giant sclerotium is a major traditional Chinese medicine; Asian fuling and North American tuckahoe are distinct species.
Wood-decay fungus
Wood-decay fungi (white rot, brown rot, soft rot) are fungi that depolymerize wood, causing rot. White rot degrades lignin, brown rot uses Fenton radicals, soft rot is ascomycete; classification is now seen as a continuum.
Xanthoria
Xanthoria (sunburst lichens, orange wall lichens) is a genus of orange foliose lichenized fungi in Teloschistaceae, type species Xanthoria parietina, colored by the anthraquinone parietin, worldwide on bark and rock.
Xanthoria aureola
Xanthoria aureola (Ach.) Erichsen, a foliose orange Teloschistaceae lichen on coastal basic siliceous rocks in Mediterranean-Atlantic Europe, molecularly distinct from X. parietina and X. calcicola; basionym Parmelia aureola Ach. 1810.
Xanthoria parietina
Xanthoria parietina, the common sunburst lichen or common orange lichen, is a pollution-tolerant foliose lichen (Teloschistaceae) with Trebouxia algae and the orange pigment parietin, widely used for air-quality biomonitoring.
Xerocomellus chrysenteron
Xerocomellus chrysenteron, the red-cracking bolete (Boletus chrysenteron), a European Boletaceae fungus with a brown cap cracking to reveal red flesh, yellow coral-fibrillose stem, smooth spores, and frequent confusion with X. cisalpinus.
Xerocomus
Xerocomus, synonym Versipellis, is a genus of ectomycorrhizal bolete fungi (Boletaceae) established by Quélet in 1887 with type species Xerocomus subtomentosus; about 115 species, defined by bacillate spore ornamentation, but non-monophyletic and split into Xerocomellus, Hortiboletus, and Hemileccinum.
Xerocomus subtomentosus
Xerocomus subtomentosus, the suede bolete (Boletus subtomentosus L., 1753), an edible Boletaceae fungus of European broadleaf woods; type species of Xerocomus, ochre velvety cap, yellow pores, weak blueing flesh.
Yarrowia
Yarrowia is a genus of ascomycetous budding yeasts (Dipodascaceae/Dipodascales) established by Van der Walt & Arx in 1981; its flagship species Yarrowia lipolytica is an oleaginous, Crabtree-negative yeast used industrially for oils, organic acids, and food ingredients.
Yeast
Yeast: unicellular fungi reproducing by budding, best known as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the baking, brewing, and wine yeast. Key facts: Crabtree effect, 1996 first eukaryote genome, Pasteur and Hansen fermentation science.
Yeast artificial chromosome
Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC): a linear vector with yeast CEN, TEL, and ARS elements used to clone up to megabase DNA fragments in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; developed 1983–1987, later largely replaced by BACs due to chimerism.
Yeast as a model organism
Yeast as a model organism is the use of budding and fission yeast in biological research; S. cerevisiae was the first eukaryote with a fully sequenced genome, in 1996.