727 articles
Candida haemulonii
Candida haemulonii, also called Torulopsis haemulonii, is a rare multidrug-resistant yeast pathogen; its complex includes C. duobushaemulonii and C. haemulonii var. vulnera, and it is the most common misidentification of Candida auris in biochemical lab tests.
Candida oleophila
Candida oleophila is a nonpathogenic yeast found naturally on fruits, flowers, and wood, used as a biocontrol agent against postharvest molds on apples, pears, and citrus.
Candida parapsilosis
Candida parapsilosis, a skin-colonizing yeast of the psilosis complex (with C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis), causes candidemia in neonates and catheterized patients, forms drug-resistant biofilms, and shows emerging fluconazole resistance.
Candida tropicalis
Candida tropicalis (Oidium tropicale) is a diploid ascomycete yeast, NCBI taxon 5482, human commensal and major candidemia agent in Asia and South America, osmotolerant to 15% NaCl, with strong biofilm formation and rising azole resistance.
Candida utilis
Candida utilis, also known as Torula yeast or Torula utilis, is a Crabtree-negative yeast grown industrially on cheap carbon sources and used as a food additive and feed protein.
Cantharellales
Cantharellales (Gäum. 1926) is an order of about 1,000 Agaricomycetes fungi, including chanterelles (Cantharellus), Hydnum, Clavulina, plant pathogens, and orchid symbionts, with four main families and a Carboniferous origin.
Cantharellus
Cantharellus is a genus of fungi known as the true chanterelles, producing fleshy, funnel-shaped mushrooms with blunt false gills; about 300 species grow in forests worldwide.
Cenovis
Cenovis: a Swiss yeast extract spread akin to Marmite and Vegemite, made from brewing by-products, and separately an Australian vitamin brand founded in 1938, acquired by Sanofi in 2008.
Ceratocystis
Ceratocystis (Ellis & Halst., 1890) is a genus of Ceratocystidaceae fungi in the Microascales, type species C. fimbriata from sweet potato black rot; once confused with Ophiostoma, now split into many genera and including major tree pathogens.
Cercospora
Cercospora is a large genus of ascomycete fungi in the family Mycosphaerellaceae whose species cause leaf spots on crops worldwide and produce the photoactivated toxin cercosporin.
Cerioporus squamosus
Cerioporus squamosus, Dryad's Saddle or Pheasant's Back (formerly Polyporus squamosus), a large scaly polypore bracket fungus on hardwoods in Europe, North America, and Asia; spring fruiting, large angular pores, cucumber smell, edible when young.
Cerrena unicolor
Cerrena unicolor, the mossy maze polypore, is a white-rot polypore fungus of Cerrenaceae, symbiont of Tremex wood wasps, and a major laccase producer studied for dye decolorization, pollutant degradation, and medicinal bioactive compounds.
Chaetomium
Chaetomium, a genus of ascomycete fungi (Chaetomiaceae) established by Kunze in 1817 with type species Chaetomium globosum; cellulose-degrading saprotes, indoor moulds, biocontrol agents, and sources of over 100 bioactive secondary metabolites.
Chanterelle
Chanterelles (Cantharellus, Craterellus) are edible ectomycorrhizal wild mushrooms with blunt false gills, funnel-shaped caps, and apricot aroma; not cultivated commercially, harvested from forests, with toxic look-alikes like jack-o'-lantern.
Chinese edible mushroom industry
China's edible mushroom industry (食用菌) has been the world's largest producer and consumer of edible fungi since 2000, led by shiitake, wood ear, and oyster mushrooms.
Chlorophyllum molybdites
Chlorophyllum molybdites, the green-spored parasol or false parasol (vomiter), is a poisonous Agaricaceae lawn mushroom, the most common cause of mushroom poisoning in the United States, identified by its green spore print and gills.
Christian Leuckert
Christian Leuckert (1930–2011), German lichen chemotaxonomist and professor at the Free University of Berlin; recruited by Josef Poelt in 1965, led lichen chemistry research, received the 1996 Acharius Medal.
Chytridiomycosis
Chytridiomycosis, also called amphibian chytrid disease, is a fatal skin disease of amphibians caused by the fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and B. salamandrivorans (Bsal), first described in 1998 and linked to at least 90 amphibian extinctions.
Chytridiomycota
Chytridiomycota (chytrids) is a fungal phylum of aquatic, zoosporic fungi with single posterior-flagellate zoospores and chitin-walled sporangia; once paraphyletic, now distinct from Blastocladiomycota and Neocallimastigomycota, and includes the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.
Citrinin
Citrinin (CIT) is a polyketide mycotoxin from Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Monascus fungi, first isolated from P. citrinum in 1931; a nephrotoxin contaminating grains, red yeast rice, fruits, and spices, regulated in the EU at 100 µg/kg in red yeast rice supplements.
Citrus black spot
Citrus black spot, caused by the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa (syn. Guignardia citricarpa), is a quarantine citrus disease causing rind lesions and premature fruit drop without affecting internal fruit quality; first found in the U.S. in Florida in 2010.
Cladonia (genus)
Cladonia is a genus of lichenized ascomycete fungi in the family Cladoniaceae, its largest genus with about 475 species, recognized by hollow podetia and found from the Arctic to Antarctica.
Cladonia arbuscula
Cladonia arbuscula (tree reindeer lichen, formerly Cladina arbuscula) is a grey-green, richly branched reindeer lichen of boreal Northern Hemisphere woodlands, closely related to C. mitis, growing about 4.7 mm per year and serving as caribou forage.
Cladonia rangiferina
Cladonia rangiferina (reindeer lichen, reindeer moss, formerly Cladina rangiferina) is a grey, tetrachotomously branched fruticose lichen of northern heaths and tundra, K+ yellow from atranorin, a key reindeer winter forage, distinct from C. arbuscula and C. stygia.
Cladonia stellaris
Cladonia stellaris, also known as star-tipped reindeer lichen or Cladina stellaris, is a pale, mat-forming lichen dominant in arctic and boreal regions of the northern hemisphere and a principal winter forage of reindeer and caribou.
Cladoniaceae
Cladoniaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales, with about 530 species in 17 genera, dominated by Cladonia, whose members form upright podetia and include the reindeer lichens.
Cladosporium
Cladosporium, a dark-pigmented ascomycete mold genus (Cladosporiaceae, Capnodiales) established by Link in 1816 with type C. herbarum; common indoor mold, dominant airborne allergen peaking in summer, and plant pathogen.
Clathrus archeri
Clathrus archeri (octopus stinkhorn, devil's fingers; syn. Anthurus archeri) is a red-armed saprobic stinkhorn fungus native to Australia and New Zealand, introduced to Europe around 1920, potentially invasive, with future range contraction expected in Australia and expansion in Europe.
Clathrus ruber
Clathrus ruber (red cage, latticed or basket stinkhorn), type species of Clathrus in Phallales, is a saprophytic fungus whose fruit body expands from a whitish egg into a red lattice ball with foul olive-green gleba dispersed by insects; native to Mediterranean Europe, introduced elsewhere.
Claviceps purpurea
Claviceps purpurea, the ergot fungus (ergot), an ascomycete in Clavicipitaceae that infects grass ovaries, replaces grain with toxic alkaloid-containing sclerotia, causes ergotism, and splits into four cryptic species.