727 articles
Crepidotaceae
Crepidotaceae, oysterling family, a family of dark-spored saprotrophic agaric fungi (Agaricales) centered on Crepidotus and Simocybe; molecular work showed Singer's broad circumscription was polyphyletic and redefined the family.
Crucibulum
Crucibulum is a small genus of bird's nest fungi whose urn-shaped fruiting bodies contain whitish spore packets that raindrops splash out to adhere to nearby surfaces.
Crustose lichen
Crustose lichen: a lichen growth form forming a thin crust inseparable from rock, bark, or soil, attached by medullary hyphae; about 50% of lichen-forming ascomycetes, slow radial growth, used in lichenometry and air-quality bioindication.
Cryphonectria parasitica
Cryphonectria parasitica (formerly Endothia parasitica) is the Diaporthales fungus causing chestnut blight; native to East Asia, introduced to the USA in 1904 and Europe in 1938, controlled in Europe by CHV-1 hypovirulence.
Cryptococcus
Cryptococcus is a genus of basidiomycetous yeasts found in soil and trees, best known for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, which cause cryptococcosis in humans and animals.
Cryptococcus gattii
Cryptococcus gattii, formerly C. neoformans var. gattii, is a tree-associated yeast causing cryptococcosis in immunocompetent hosts; genotypes VGI–VGIV, Vancouver Island 1999 outbreak, WHO medium priority.
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast found worldwide in soil and bird droppings that causes cryptococcosis, including cryptococcal meningitis, mostly in people with weakened immune systems.
Cultivation of psychoactive mushrooms
Cultivation of psychoactive mushrooms means growing psilocybin-producing fungi such as Psilocybe cubensis at home, using methods like PF Tek and monotubs, with a first harvest in 8 to 12 weeks.
Cunninghamella
Cunninghamella, a genus of Mucorales fungi (Cunninghamellaceae, Matruchot 1903), used as a microbial model mimicking mammalian phase I/II drug metabolism via CYP450, and an opportunistic cause of mucormycosis.
Curvularia
Curvularia (Boedijn 1933) is a genus of Pleosporaceae fungi, grass pathogens and rare human pathogens, redefined by molecular phylogeny from the Bipolaris-Cochliobolus complex, and used industrially for steroid biotransformation.
Cyanolichen
Cyanolichen: a lichen whose photobiont is a cyanobacterium, also called cyanolichens. About 10% of lichens; bipartite or tripartite with cephalodia; fix atmospheric nitrogen but need liquid water to photosynthesize.
Cyathus
Cyathus (bird's nest fungi) is a genus of gasteroid fungi in Nidulariaceae, established 1768, with over 130 cup-shaped species whose peridioles are splash-dispersed by raindrops and attached by funicular cords.
Cyathus olla
Cyathus olla, the field bird's nest fungus (Nidulariaceae), is a 1–1.5 cm splash-cup basidiomycete with 8–10 large peridioles ejected by raindrops; basionym Peziza olla Batsch 1783, common in Europe and North America.
Cyathus stercoreus
Cyathus stercoreus, the dung bird's nest fungus (Nidulariaceae, Basidiomycota), a coprophilous splash-cup fungus with huge 20-40 µm spores, peridioles dispersed by rain and herbivore gut passage, and lignin-degrading enzymes.
Cyathus striatus
Cyathus striatus, the fluted bird's nest fungus, a saprobic Nidulariaceae basidiomycete with shaggy brown cups, striated inner walls, peridioles with funiculi, and rain splash-cup spore dispersal on woody debris.
Cyclopiazonic acid (α-CPA)
Cyclopiazonic acid (α-CPA, alpha-cyclopiazonic acid) is an indole-tetramic acid mycotoxin from Aspergillus and Penicillium molds, first isolated in 1968, that inhibits SERCA calcium pumps at nanomolar concentrations.
Cystobasidiomycetes
Cystobasidiomycetes is a class of Pucciniomycotina yeasts and dimorphic fungi (Basidiomycota), proposed by Bauer et al. 2006, type order Cystobasidiales; includes red carotenoid-producing yeasts, mycoparasites, and lichenicolous Cyphobasidiales, with six orders and over 100 species.
Dacrymycetes
Dacrymycetes is a class of roughly 110 to 205 gelatinous wood-decaying fungi, mostly brown-rot saprotrophs, known for bright yellow to orange fruiting bodies and a two-spored tuning-fork basidium.
Datronia
Datronia is a genus of Polyporaceae wood-rot fungi established by Donk in 1966, type species D. mollis; the 2014 multi-gene revision restricted it to two species and segregated Datroniella and Neodatronia.
Datroniella
Datroniella is a small polypore fungus genus (Polyporaceae) split from Datronia in 2014 by Li, Cui, and Dai, typified by D. scutellata; after Zmitrovich's 2018 transfer to Cerioporus, only D. minuta from Brazil remains.
David Arora
David Arora (born about 1952) is an American self-taught mycologist and writer, author of Mushrooms Demystified (1979; 2nd ed. 1986) and All That the Rain Promises and More (1991), founder of the Santa Cruz Fungus Fair and Wasson Award recipient.
David Galloway (botanist)
David John Galloway (1942–2014), New Zealand lichenologist and botanical historian, author of the Flora of New Zealand Lichens (1985, 2007), Acharius Medal 2008, Hutton Medal 2010, FRSNZ.
David Leslie Hawksworth
David Leslie Hawksworth (born 1946, Sheffield) is a British mycologist and lichenologist, former Director of the International Mycological Institute, known for fungal diversity estimates, lichen pollution scales, nomenclature, and forensic mycology.
Debaryomyces
Debaryomyces, a genus of ascomycetous budding yeasts (family Debaryomycetaceae, synonym Wingea); its type species D. hansenii is a halotolerant, Na+-including yeast of cheese, sausages, and brines, growing up to 4 M NaCl.
Decline in amphibian populations
Decline in amphibian populations: worldwide drop in frog, salamander, and caecilian numbers since the late 1950s, driven by habitat loss, chytridiomycosis (Bd, Bsal), and climate change; 40.7% of species threatened.
Decomposer
Decomposer: organisms, chiefly fungi and bacteria plus soil fauna, that break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients. Fungi drive rate-limiting lignin breakdown; bacteria also degrade lignin and cellulose.
Delayed and special-system mushroom poisoning syndromes
Delayed and special-system mushroom poisoning syndromes are rare poisonings that begin a day or more after ingestion, causing muscle breakdown, burning extremities, or brain injury.
Dermatophyte
Dermatophyte: keratin-degrading fungi of Arthrodermataceae (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton, Nannizzia and others) causing tinea or ringworm of skin, hair, and nails; seven accepted genera since 2017, with emerging terbinafine-resistant strains like T. indotineae.
Destroying angel
Destroying angel, the common name for all-white deadly Amanita species (A. bisporigera, A. virosa, A. ocreata, A. verna) in section Phalloideae; amatoxin content causes delayed, often fatal liver failure, distinguished by white gills, ring, and basal volva.
Detection and surveillance of chytridiomycosis
Detection and surveillance of chytridiomycosis are the laboratory methods and monitoring networks used to find the amphibian chytrid fungi Bd and Bsal, chiefly swab qPCR and environmental DNA assays.