362 articles
Pomelo
Pomelo (柚), Citrus maxima, also called pummelo or shaddock, is an ancestral Asian citrus species with large, mild, sweet fruit; the grapefruit is its hybrid with sweet orange (about 63% pomelo DNA).
Populus × canadensis
Populus × canadensis Moench, 1785, hybrid black poplar or Carolina poplar, is the artificial hybrid of P. deltoides and P. nigra, originating in France about 1750, widely grown for fast timber production.
Pouteria sapota
Pouteria sapota, mamey sapote (zapote mamey), a Sapotaceae fruit tree native to Mexico and Central America, an ancient Mayan fruit with 8-20 cm red-fleshed berries, seed oil sapuyulo, and cultivation from Mexico to Southeast Asia and Florida.
Prune
Prune: a dried plum, and the prune-type cultivars of European plum (Prunus domestica), oval blue-purple fruit with high-sugar yellow flesh suited to drying; cultivars include Stanley, Improved French, and Early Italian.
Prunus × yedoensis
Prunus × yedoensis (Somei-yoshino, Yoshino cherry) is a hybrid flowering cherry; the cultivated clone arose from P. spachiana f. ascendens × P. speciosa, while wild Jeju Island trees originated independently.
Prunus armeniaca
Prunus armeniaca, the apricot, a diploid stone fruit native to Central Asia to China with disputed two- or three-event domestication, misleading 'Armenian' name; Türkiye leads 2023 production (750,000 t); kernels contain amygdalin.
Prunus cerasus
Prunus cerasus, the sour or tart cherry, is a tetraploid Rosaceae tree from the avium × fruticosa hybrid origin, grown for acidic fruit used in pies and processing; Montmorency dominates U.S. production, centered in Michigan.
Prunus salicina
Prunus salicina Lindl., the Japanese or Chinese plum (formerly P. triflora), a diploid Rosaceae stone-fruit tree native to China; source of most fresh-market plums, with a 318.6-Mb genome and high sharka susceptibility.
Prunus serrulata
Prunus serrulata, the Japanese cherry or hill cherry, is a deciduous cherry tree native to China and Korea and a parent of many ornamental flowering cherry cultivars.
Psidium guajava
Psidium guajava, the common guava, is a Neotropical Myrtaceae fruit tree grown across the tropics; Brazilian Amazonia is its probable domestication origin, and its fruit is exceptionally rich in vitamin C (230–1,426 mg/100 g).
Pumpkin
Pumpkin: large edible fruit of Cucurbita pepo, maxima, and moschata; culinary term, not taxonomic. Domesticated in Mexico and eastern North America ~10,000 B.P.; 2025 U.S. output 1.47 billion lb, Illinois leading.
Pumpkin seed
Pumpkin seed (pepita): edible seed of Cucurbita squash, mainly Cucurbita pepo. High protein (29–36%) and fat (42–46%), rich in magnesium and phosphorus; Styrian hull-less variety pressed for oil; clinical health evidence still limited.
Pyrus pyrifolia
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai, the Asian or nashi pear (syn. Pyrus serotina), is a Rosaceae pear tree native to southern China and Indochina, cultivated over 3,000 years; round crisp high-sugar fruit ripened on the tree, leading cultivars Chojuro, Nijisseiki, Kosui, Hosui.
Quercus × hispanica
Quercus × hispanica (Lucombe oak, Fulham oak, Spanish oak) is the accepted hybrid of Quercus cerris and Quercus suber, native from SE France to NW Croatia, semi-evergreen with corky bark, described by Lamarck in 1785.
Quercus × turneri
Quercus × turneri, Turner's oak, is a semi-evergreen hybrid oak of Quercus ilex × Q. robur, raised before 1780 by Spencer Turner in Essex, described by Willdenow in 1809, with an old specimen at Kew planted 1798.
Quercus × warei
Quercus × warei, Ware's oak, is a hybrid oak (Quercus bicolor × Q. robur 'Fastigiata') published in 1998, grown as columnar landscape cultivars Regal Prince ('Long') and Kindred Spirit ('Nadler') with powdery mildew resistance and USDA zone 4-9 hardiness.
Radish
Radish (Raphanus sativus), also daikon (大根, great root), a cool-season Brassicaceae root vegetable harvested 3-5 weeks after planting; pungency comes from slow growth, and daikon roots reach about 18 inches and 5-6 pounds.
Rainier cherry
Rainier cherry: blushed yellow sweet cherry cultivar, Bing x Van cross made 1952 by Harold Fogle at WSU Prosser, released 1960, named for Mount Rainier; highest-value Pacific Northwest cherry, ripens 3-6 days after Bing.
Raisin
A raisin is a dried grape, made by drying Vitis vinifera in the sun or by dehydration; Thompson Seedless makes up 90 percent of the U.S. supply.
Rambutan cultivars
Rambutan cultivars are named, clonally propagated selections of the tropical rambutan tree Nephelium lappaceum, with over 200 cultivars across tropical Asia, all derived by cloning superior trees rather than cross-breeding.
Rapini
Rapini, also called broccoli rabe or broccoli raab, is a bitter green vegetable in the mustard family, a turnip relative grown for its leaves, stems, and small unopened buds.
Red banana
The red banana, also known as Red Dacca, is a dessert banana cultivar of Musa acuminata with reddish-purple peel, shorter and plumper than Cavendish, and often sweeter.
Red cabbage
Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) is a purple-leaved head cabbage rich in anthocyanins, used as a natural pH indicator, food colorant, and smart-packaging freshness sensor, with more glucoraphanin and vitamin C than white cabbage.
Red Delicious
Red Delicious is a major American apple cultivar, also called Stark Delicious or Hawkeye, a chance seedling found by Jesse Hiatt in Peru, Iowa, commercialized by Stark Bro's after winning the 1894 fruit show, later reshaped by red-color bud sports.
Red kiwifruit
Red kiwifruit: kiwifruit with red anthocyanin flesh, mainly Actinidia chinensis cultivars such as Hongyang, Donghong, and Zespri RubyRed (Red19, Red80), plus red kiwiberries like Hardy Red and Ken's Red.
Red onion
Red onion, a red- or purple-skinned cultivar group of Allium cepa (bulb onion), rich in anthocyanins and sulfur compounds; eaten raw in salads and pickles, pricier than yellow or white onions.
Rhubarb
Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) is a hardy perennial buckwheat-family vegetable grown for tart edible stalks; leaves are toxic from oxalic acid, and it needs winter chill, division propagation, and cool summers.
Roma tomato
Roma tomato (Solanum lycopersicum 'Roma'), a determinate plum/paste tomato introduced by USDA breeding in the mid-1950s, later sold as Roma VF; believed a Pan American × San Marzano cross, with 2-locule, meaty, low-juice fruit for sauces and canning.
Romaine lettuce
Romaine lettuce (cos lettuce, Lactuca sativa var. longifolia) is an elongated-heading lettuce type from Egypt, higher in nutrients than iceberg, stored near 0°C for about 21 days, and a recurring vehicle for E. coli O157 outbreaks.
Romanesco broccoli
Romanesco broccoli, also called Roman cauliflower, is an Italian Brassica oleracea cultivar from around Rome, noted since the 1500s, with light green cone-shaped florets in logarithmic Fibonacci spirals forming a four-scale fractal pattern, tasting mild and nutty like cauliflower.