362 articles
Nepenthes × ventrata
Nepenthes × ventrata (Nepenthes ventricosa × alata) is a natural Philippine hybrid pitcher plant, a nomen nudum name by Fleming 1979, widely tissue-cultured as a beginner carnivorous plant and a transcriptomics model.
New Mexico chile
New Mexico chile (chile de Nuevo México) is a group of Capsicum annuum cultivars bred at NMSU since 1888, first standardized as 'New Mexico No. 9' in 1913; grown green and red, it supplies about 45 percent of US chile and anchors the Hatch chile brand.
Okra
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus, lady's finger, gumbo, bamya, bhendi) is a tropical mallow grown for mucilaginous pods; 11.5 Mt in 2023, led by India, Nigeria, and Mali.
Orange (fruit)
Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), a mandarin and pummelo hybrid fruit whose cultivars all descend from one ancestor via somatic mutation. Main varieties Valencia, navel, Hamlin, and blood orange; grown for fresh fruit and juice; citrus greening (HLB) cutting supply.
Ornamental plant
Ornamental plant: a plant grown for decoration rather than food or raw materials, spanning cut flowers, houseplants, bedding plants, and trees and shrubs; a roughly 27 billion USD (2021) industry led by the Netherlands and dominated by roses, chrysanthemums, carnations, gerberas, tulips, and lilies.
Pachyrhizus erosus
Pachyrhizus erosus, jicama or yam bean (Mexican turnip, bang kuang), is a Mexican-Central American climbing legume grown for its edible starchy storage root; its rotenone-rich seeds are toxic but used as insecticide.
Pansy
Pansy (Viola × wittrockiana), a 19th-century Violaceae hybrid of Viola tricolor and other violas; cool-season bedding plant with 5–8 cm blotched flowers, over 300 varieties, named from French pensée.
Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim
Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim, still widely called Vanda Miss Joaquim, is a 1893 orchid hybrid of P. teres and P. hookeriania bred by Agnes Joaquim; its 'Agnes' cultivar is Singapore's national flower since 1981.
Parrot tulip
Parrot tulip, Parrot Group, Division 10 of garden tulips: single cup-shaped flowers with laciniate, curled, twisted, often striped tepals, opening mid to late spring; stable virus-free mutations celebrated since the early 17th century.
Parsnip
Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa), a biennial Apiaceae root vegetable native to Eurasia, grown for its sweet cream-yellow taproot harvested after frost; furanocoumarins in foliage cause photodermatitis; feral in North America.
Passiflora edulis
Passiflora edulis, the passion fruit vine (maracujá, lilikoi), a Passifloraceae liana native to Brazil to NE Argentina; purple and yellow forms, self-incompatible yellow type pollinated by Xylocopa bees, about 1.5 million metric tons produced yearly, Brazil leading.
Passion fruit (fruit)
Passion fruit is the edible berry of Passiflora edulis vines native to South America, grown in purple and yellow forms and valued fresh and for juice; Brazil leads production.
Pea
Pea (Pisum sativum), a founder-crop legume domesticated about 10,000 years ago in the Near East with a second Ethiopian domestication (P. abyssinicum); grown as English shelling, snow, and sugar snap peas, a cool-season crop harvested in about 60 days.
Peach (桃)
Peach (桃; Prunus persica), a Rosaceae stone fruit domesticated in China's lower Yangzi valley from at least 8000 BP, spread via the Silk Road through Persia; China grows about 70 percent of world production.
Peperoncino
Peperoncino, the Italian name for hot chili peppers (Capsicum, especially C. annuum), brought from the Americas by Columbus in 1493; central to Calabrian cooking and registered as Peperoncino di Calabria PGI in 2026.
Perennials
Perennials (stauder) are herbaceous plants that die down yearly and regrow from underground parts. The Copenhagen Botanical Garden's perennial quarter holds over 1,000 species, alphabetically ordered, showing wild ancestors of garden plants.
Perilla
Perilla, a monotypic aromatic mint genus (Perilla frutescens) from subtropical Asia; cultivated as shiso, Korean perilla leaf, and perilla oilseed; six chemotypes, perillaldehyde culinary type, EFSA genotoxicity concern.
Persimmon
The persimmon (Diospyros kaki), also called the Japanese or kaki persimmon, is a deciduous fruit tree native to China and the most cultivated persimmon in the world.
Petunia
Petunia, garden petunia (Petunia x hybrida), South American Solanaceae genus and bedding plant; hybrid of P. axillaris and P. integrifolia, sold as F1 seed in grandiflora, multiflora, milliflora, and spreading classes, and a plant model for pollination syndrome genetics.
Petunia × atkinsiana
Petunia × atkinsiana, also called Petunia × hybrida, is the artificial hybrid garden petunia (Solanaceae) derived mainly from P. axillaris and P. integrifolia; its cultivars are grouped as grandiflora, multiflora, milliflora, and spreading types.
Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris, the common bean (fríjol, haricot), is an annual American legume domesticated independently in Mesoamerica and the Andes; grown as kidney, pinto, navy, black, and green beans, it is the world's most important direct-consumption grain legume.
Physalis
Physalis, the ground cherry or husk tomato genus of Solanaceae, about 90 American species whose berries grow inside an inflated papery calyx; includes goldenberry (P. peruviana), tomatillo (P. philadelphica), and physalin-producing medicinal species.
Pimiento
Pimiento (pimento), from Spanish pimiento, means mild heart-shaped cultivars of Capsicum annuum: sweet peppers of 500-1,000 SHU sold jarred and roasted, used in stuffed olives, pimento cheese, and paprika production.
Pinguicula cultivars and hybrids
Pinguicula cultivars and hybrids are named, vegetatively propagated butterwort selections, valued for vigor; the ICPS registered 31 cultivar names before October 2020, including 'Sethos' and 'Weser'.
Pinto bean
Pinto bean, a mottled-seeded market class of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), leading US dry bean class; prone to postharvest seed coat darkening controlled by the P gene; grown mainly in North Dakota.
Plant breeding
Plant breeding: the science of changing plant genetics for better crops, spanning selection, hybridization, genomic selection, and genome editing, from the Green Revolution to the EU's 2026 NGT regulation.
Platanus × acerifolia
Platanus × acerifolia, the London plane (syn. P. × hispanica), is a 17th-century hybrid of Oriental plane and American sycamore, a pollution-tolerant street tree up to 35 m with flaking mottled bark and paired fruit balls.
Plum-cherry hybrid
Plum-cherry hybrid, also sold as pluerry, plumcherry, or cherry plum, is an interspecific Prunus cross between plum and cherry; cultivars include Candy Heart, Sugar Twist, Sweet Treat, Nadia, and hardy P. besseyi bush hybrids.
Poblano
Poblano (chile poblano), a mild Capsicum annuum chili from Puebla, Mexico; 1,000-2,000 SHU; dried form is the ancho; used in chiles rellenos and chiles en nogada; Mexico produced 365,790 tonnes in 2024.
Pomato
Pomato (馬鈴茄), also called TomTato or tomtato, is a tomato scion grafted onto a potato rootstock, yielding both crops from one plant; first fruited by Oscar Soderholm in 1930, commercialized as TomTato in 2013, not a GMO.