362 articles
Rosa × damascena
Rosa × damascena, the damask rose (Kazanluk, trigintipetala), a tetraploid cultivated hybrid rose (R. gallica × R. moschata) grown in Bulgaria, Turkey, Iran, and India for rose oil, rose water, and attar, yielding 0.015–0.048% oil.
Rubus idaeus
Rubus idaeus, red raspberry or wild raspberry, a Rosaceae shrub of the temperate Northern Hemisphere to Mexico; diploid 2n=14, two subspecies (idaeus, strigosus), two-year cane cycle, grown for fruit and herbal medicine.
Rutabaga
Rutabaga, also called swede or Swedish turnip (Brassica napus Napobrassica group), is a cool-season root vegetable with yellow flesh, smooth bluish leaves, and a ridged leaf-scar neck, larger and sweeter than the turnip.
Saga Tree
海红豆 (Hǎi Hóng Dòu), the saga tree, Adenanthera pavonina, a tropical legume tree with glossy red heart-shaped seeds used as love tokens, shade trees, fuelwood, and TCM external medicine; mildly toxic, unlike the deadly jequirity bean.
Salix × rubra
Salix × rubra Huds. (green-leaved willow, Welsh Helygen Werdd) is a European hybrid willow, S. purpurea × S. viminalis, published 1762, a temperate shrub or small tree with linear-lanceolate leaves.
Salvia officinalis
Salvia officinalis, common or culinary sage, is a Mediterranean evergreen subshrub of the mint family grown for aromatic gray-green leaves used in cooking and herbal medicine; its thujone-rich essential oil is regulated by the EMA.
San Marzano tomato
San Marzano tomato (Pomodoro S. Marzano dell'Agro Sarnese-Nocerino DOP): an elongated plum tomato cultivar from volcanic soil in Campania, Italy, EU-protected since 1996, grown in 41 municipalities and prized for canned peeled tomatoes and Neapolitan pizza.
Santa Claus melon
The Santa Claus melon, also called Christmas melon or Piel de Sapo, is a Spanish winter melon that keeps until Christmas, with mottled green and yellow rind.
Sarracenia cultivars and hybrids
Sarracenia cultivars and hybrids are the named cultivated forms and crosses of the North American pitcher plant genus Sarracenia, whose species interbreed freely into fertile hybrids.
Savoy cabbage
Savoy cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. sabauda, Savoy Cabbage Group), also called Milan or Lombard cabbage, is a cabbage with crinkled leaves and loose heads, grown mainly in Western Europe for autumn and winter harvest.
Shallot
The shallot, also called the French shallot, is a bulb vegetable and variety of onion that grows in cloves, with a mild, sweet flavor favored in French cooking.
Shipova
Shipova (×Sorbopyrus auricularis), the Bollwiller pear, is a rare nearly sterile pear × whitebeam hybrid from Bollwiller, Alsace, before 1610, propagated by grafting, slow to fruit, with sweet yellow apricot-sized fruit.
Shiso
Shiso (Perilla frutescens, zisu, beefsteak plant) is an East Asian mint-family herb used as food and medicine; green PK chemotype eaten fresh, purple PA type medicinal, seed oil ~60% omega-3.
Short rotation coppice
Short rotation coppice (SRC) is the farming of densely planted willow or poplar, harvested on a 2 to 5 year cycle and regrown from the stool for biomass fuel.
Smooth Cayenne
Smooth Cayenne, also known as Giant Kew, is a pineapple cultivar introduced from French Guiana in 1820 that supplied over 70% of world pineapple production at its peak.
Snap pea
Snap pea (sugar snap pea, Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon): edible-podded pea crossed from snow pea and garden pea in the 1970s; thick, sweet, rounded pods eaten whole without shelling.
Snow pea
Snow pea (Pisum sativum var. saccharatum), also called sugar pea or mange-tout, is an edible-podded pea with flat pods picked before seeds fill, eaten whole in Chinese stir-fries; a cool-season crop storing at 0 degrees C for up to 2 weeks.
Solo papaya
The Solo papaya is a group of small, pear-shaped papaya cultivars originating in Hawaii in the early twentieth century, grown almost entirely from self-pollinating hermaphrodite plants.
Soybean
Soybean (Glycine max, 大豆 not sourced; English only) is a legume domesticated from Glycine soja in China's Huang-Huai Valley, the world's largest oilseed crop, grown mainly for animal feed meal and oil, led by Brazil and the United States.
Split pea
Split peas are dried field pea (Pisum sativum) seeds, green or yellow, dehulled and split into cotyledons; a pulse used mainly for split pea soup, flour, and protein powder, with about 8 g protein and 8 g fiber per 100 g cooked.
Strangler fig
绞杀榕 (strangler figs) are hemiepiphytic Ficus trees, such as Ficus tinctoria and F. benjamina, that germinate on host trees, root into the soil, and may kill their hosts; urbanization boosts their colonization but blocks later establishment.
Strawberries and Cream Tree
The Strawberries and Cream Tree is a rare graft-chimaera cherry tree in Backwell, North Somerset, England, flowering pink and white on one trunk from two cherry species.
Strawberry
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), the cultivated garden strawberry, an octoploid hybrid of F. virginiana and F. chiloensis arising in 1750s France; grown as June-bearing, everbearing, and day-neutral cultivars, with day-neutrals driving California's yield doubling since the 1970s.
Styphnolobium japonicum
Styphnolobium japonicum, the Japanese pagoda tree or huai (槐), formerly Sophora japonica, is a Chinese leguminous tree to 25 m, flowering only at 30-40 years, grown worldwide as a pollution-tolerant ornamental for timber, rutin-rich buds, and dyes.
Sugar beet
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) is a temperate biennial root crop storing 16-18% sucrose, discovered as a sugar source by Marggraf in 1747, industrialized by Achard in 1801, and supplying about 20% of world sugar, led by the EU.
Sultana (grape)
Sultana, or Sultanina (Thompson Seedless in the US), is a white seedless Vitis vinifera grape of Turkish origin, the world's most widely planted light-skinned variety, used mainly for raisins called sultanas.
Summer savory
Summer savory (Satureja hortensis) is an annual mint-family herb from southeastern Europe to western Asia with mild, peppery, thyme-like leaves; the classic bean herb of European, Acadian, and Newfoundland cooking, milder than winter savory.
Sunflower seed
Sunflower seed, the achene of Helianthus annuus, domesticated once in eastern North America ~4,000-5,000 years ago; eaten as snack and birdseed, pressed for oil high in linoleic acid; major producers Ukraine and Russia.
Sweet corn
Sweet corn (Zea mays, su/se/sh2 types) is maize bred for sweet kernels via starch-pathway mutations; supersweet sh2 corn from John Laughnan's 1953 work stores longer and dominates Florida fresh-market production.
Sweet potato
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas, kumara), a tropical hexaploid root crop from northwestern South America, seventh-ranked world food crop; China grows most of the roughly 90 million tonnes, and orange-fleshed varieties combat vitamin A deficiency.