299 articles
Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae, the acanthus family (Lamiales), is a pantropical family of over 4,000 species in about 191 genera, defined by opposite cystolith-bearing leaves and explosively dehiscent capsules with retinacula, classified into four subfamilies including Acanthoideae.
Acanthus
Acanthus (bear's breeches) is a genus of about 25–30 Acanthaceae herbs and shrubs from southern Europe to N. Australia and Africa, used in traditional medicine and as the Corinthian capital's leaf motif.
Adenium obesum
Adenium obesum, the desert rose (basionym Nerium obesum), is a semisucculent Apocynaceae shrub from West Tropical Africa to the Arabian Peninsula and Tanzania, with a swollen caudex, poisonous sap, IUCN Least Concern status, and widespread ornamental cultivation.
Ajuga
Ajuga, commonly known as bugleweed or carpet bugle, is a genus of about 69 species of flowering plants in the mint family, native across Eurasia and known for the ground cover Ajuga reptans.
Ajuga reptans
Ajuga reptans (bugle, bugleweed, carpet bugleweed), Lamiaceae perennial herb native to Europe to N. Iran and NW Africa, spread by stolons; shade ground cover, invasive-risk listed in Florida, studied for hepatoprotective and hemostatic extracts.
Aloysia citrodora
Aloysia citrodora (lemon verbena, lemon beebrush; syn. Aloysia triphylla, Lippia citriodora) is a lemon-scented Verbenaceae shrub native to southern Bolivia and northwest Argentina, grown for herbal tea and medicine; verbascoside is its key extract constituent.
Alstonia scholaris
Alstonia scholaris (devil tree, blackboard tree, dita bark, saptaparni) is an Apocynaceae tree native from South Asia to northern Australia, rich in indole alkaloids, used in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine, with a Chinese leaf-alkaloid bronchitis drug in trials.
Anchusa
Anchusa (bugloss, alkanet) is a Boraginaceae herb genus published by Linnaeus in 1753, with about 35 species from the Mediterranean to Mongolia, Pakistan, and South Africa, used in traditional medicine and as a red dye source.
Andrographis
Andrographis (king of bitters; A. paniculata, kalmegh, chuan xin lian) is a genus of 27 accepted Acanthaceae herbs native to the Indian Subcontinent to Myanmar, source of andrographolide.
Andrographis paniculata
Andrographis paniculata, known as King of Bitters or kalmegh, is an annual acanthus herb native to the Indian subcontinent and used for centuries in traditional Asian medicine.
Antirrhinum
Antirrhinum (snapdragons), a Mediterranean genus of Plantaginaceae with about 20-24 diploid species (2n=16), whose type species Antirrhinum majus is a leading model for flower development genetics, the ABC model, and bee-pollinated personate flowers.
Antirrhinum majus
Antirrhinum majus, the garden snapdragon (muflier), a Plantaginaceae species native to Spain and France, self-compatible, bee-pollinated, and a model plant in genetics with a 510 Mb genome.
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae (dogbane family), formerly including Asclepiadaceae and Periplocaceae, is a large Gentianales flowering-plant family of about 392 genera and 5,747 species, mostly tropical, with milky latex, gynostegia, pollinia, and medicinal plants like Catharanthus roseus.
Apocynum androsaemifolium
Apocynum androsaemifolium (spreading dogbane, bitter-root) is a rhizomatous, poisonous perennial herb of the dogbane family, native from Subarctic America to NE Mexico, type species of Apocynum, hybridizing with A. cannabinum.
Argyreia nervosa
Argyreia nervosa, Hawaiian baby woodrose or elephant creeper, is a Convolvulaceae liana native to the Indian subcontinent to Myanmar whose seeds contain 0.5–0.9% ergoline alkaloids including LSA, giving LSD-like but sedating effects.
Asclepias
Asclepias, commonly known as milkweeds, is a genus of about 130 plants in the dogbane family. These herbaceous perennials are a major host plant for monarch butterflies.
Asclepias curassavica
Asclepias curassica, or tropical weed, is a flowering plant native to Mexico. It is grown as an ornamental and serves as a host for the monarch butterfly.
Asclepias syriaca
Asclepias syriaca, common milkweed (silkweed, Virginia silkweed), a rhizomatous perennial Apocynaceae herb native to central-eastern North America, monarch larval host, cardenolide-defended, a cropland weed and invasive in Europe.
Asclepias tuberosa
Asclepias tuberosa (butterfly weed, pleurisy root) is a tuberous-rooted North American milkweed with clear sap and orange flowers, a monarch larval host, and a former official medicinal root.
Aspidosperma
Aspidosperma is a genus of trees in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae, native from Mexico to Argentina, with 42 of its 80 accepted species occurring in Brazil.
Atropa belladonna
Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), Solanaceae perennial herb native to Europe to N. Iran and NW. Africa; purple bell flowers, black glossy berries with 0.65% tropane alkaloids; source of atropine, first isolated 1831.
Avicennia
Avicennia is a genus of eight accepted species of mangrove trees and shrubs in the Acanthaceae family, distinguished by salt-secreting leaf glands, non-dormant seeds, and aerial roots.
Avicennia germinans
Avicennia germinans, black mangrove, is an Acanthaceae mangrove tree native from the SE United States and Caribbean to South America and West Tropical Africa to Angola, with pneumatophores, salt-excreting leaves, and major blue carbon storage.
Bacopa monnieri
Bacopa monnieri, called brahmi or water hyssop, is a creeping wetland herb used in Ayurvedic medicine as a memory enhancer and studied as a nootropic.
Ballota
Ballota (horehound) is a Lamiaceae genus of about 30 perennial herbs and shrubs native to Macaronesia, Europe, the Mediterranean, and West Asia; type species Ballota nigra, black horehound; split from Pseudodictamnus in 2018.
Balsaminaceae
Balsaminaceae, the touch-me-not or balsam family (Impatiens, Hydrocera), is an Ericales family of about 1,000 species of succulent herbs with spurred zygomorphic flowers and explosive seed capsules.
Betonica
Betonica (betony) is a genus of 10 perennial Lamiaceae species native to Europe, Central Asia, Iran, and NW Africa, including Betonica officinalis; molecular, cytological, and phytochemical evidence supports separating it from Stachys in tribe Betoniceae.
Bignonia
Bignonia (紫葳屬), bignonias, a conserved Linnaean genus of woody lianas in Bignoniaceae, tribe Bignonieae, native from central and eastern USA to Argentina, with 31 accepted species and Bignonia capreolata, the crossvine, as type.
Bignoniaceae
Bignoniaceae, the trumpet creeper or bignonia family (Juss., 1789, nom. cons.), is a pantropical Lamiales family of woody trees, shrubs, and lianas with zygomorphic flowers, centered in northern South America, with about 79-110 genera and 790-901 species.
Bontia daphnoides
Bontia daphnoides (white alling, wild olive, sea olive) is the sole species of the genus Bontia, a coastal Caribbean and northern South American shrub or small tree in Scrophulariaceae, used as a hedge, windbreak, and medicine, introduced to Florida and Hawaii.