207 articles
Broussonetia papyrifera
Broussonetia papyrifera, paper mulberry (tapa cloth tree), a Moraceae tree native from India to Korea and Indo-China; inner bark used for washi paper and Pacific tapa; carried by Austronesians to Remote Oceania, now invasive in parts of the USA, Ghana, and India.
Bryonia
Bryonia (bryony) is a genus of ten climbing Cucurbitaceae herbs native from Macaronesia and Europe to Central Asia, sister to Ecballium, with dioecious and monoecious species and a two-millennium medicinal history.
Cannabaceae
Cannabaceae (Martinov 1820, nom. cons.; synonyms Celtidaceae, Lupulaceae) is a Rosales family of 10–11 genera, about 117–170 species, including hemp (Cannabis), hops (Humulus), and hackberry trees, wind-pollinated with achenes, drupes, or samaras.
Cannabis
Cannabis (marijuana, hemp; Cannabis sativa L.) is a Cannabaceae genus domesticated in East Asia about 12,000 years ago, debated as one or several species, defined by THC content, and now partly legalized and reclassified medically.
Cannabis indica
Cannabis indica, named by Lamarck in 1785 from Indian specimens, is a contested cannabis taxon now usually treated as C. sativa subsp. indica or subsumed into a monotypic, highly diverse species; vernacular indica labels do not reliably predict chemistry.
Cannabis ruderalis
Cannabis ruderalis Janisch., a putative third cannabis species described by Janischevsky in 1924, now usually a synonym of Cannabis sativa; source of the day-neutral autoflowering trait via Autoflower1/Autoflower2 loci.
Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa (hemp, marijuana) is an herbaceous annual Cannabaceae crop domesticated in Central Asia ~12,000 years ago; cannabinoids like THC and CBD are made in female-flower trichomes, and the 0.3% THC threshold legally separates hemp from marijuana.
Carpinus betulus
Carpinus betulus, the European hornbeam, a Betulaceae tree native from Europe to Iran; dense hard wood, coppiced for firewood, used as hedge and shade tree, tolerant of wet clay soils and shade.
Carya
Carya (hickories), genus of Juglandaceae trees native from Assam to China and Indo-China and E. Canada to Mexico; disjunct EA-ENA distribution, origin ~66.64 Ma, includes pecan C. illinoinensis.
Castanea mollissima
Castanea mollissima (板栗), Chinese chestnut, a Fagaceae tree native to China and Korea grown for edible nuts; blight-resistant donor species used in American chestnut restoration breeding, cultivated in China for at least 2,000 years.
Castanea pumila
Castanea pumila, chinquapin or Allegheny chinquapin, is a rhizomatous North American shrub or small tree in Fagaceae with one sweet nut per spiny bur, moderately resistant to chestnut blight.
Castanea sativa
Castanea sativa, sweet or European chestnut, is the only European Castanea species, a large deciduous nut and timber tree native from the Balkans to northern Iran, threatened by chestnut blight and ink disease.
Castanopsis
Castanopsis (chinquapin, chinkapin) is a genus of about 110-145 species of evergreen Fagaceae trees native to tropical and subtropical Asia, sister to Castanea, with spiny cupules enclosing edible nuts and valuable timber.
Casuarina
Casuarina is a genus of about 17 species of flowering trees and shrubs, native from tropical Asia to the western Pacific, known as she-oak or Australian pine.
Casuarinaceae
Casuarinaceae R.Br. (she-oaks, beefwoods) is a Fagales family of four genera, Allocasuarina, Casuarina, Ceuthostoma, Gymnostoma, and about 90-97 species, native to Australia, Malesia, and the western Pacific, with jointed photosynthetic twigs, scale leaves, woody cones, and Frankia nitrogen-fixing root nodules.
Ceanothus
Ceanothus, known in gardens as California lilac or wild lilac, is a genus of about 55 to 60 North American shrubs with dense blue spring flowers.
Celtis
Celtis (hackberries, nettle trees) is a genus of about 70-80 tree and shrub species in Cannabaceae, formerly Ulmaceae, with 3-veined leaves and 1 cm drupes; type species Celtis australis, cosmopolitan range.
Celtis australis
Celtis australis, the southern nettle tree or European hackberry, is a deciduous Cannabaceae tree native from the Mediterranean to northern Iran, grown ornamentally and for erosion control, drought-tolerant, a weed in Australia.
Chaenomeles
Chaenomeles (flowering quince, Japanese quince) is an Asian genus of four spiny Rosaceae shrubs, grown for early spring flowers and aromatic fruit used in jams and traditional Chinese medicine.
Citrullus
Citrullus is a genus of seven African Cucurbitaceae species including the watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), colocynth, citron melon, and egusi watermelon; the Kordofan melon is the watermelon's closest wild relative.
Citrullus colocynthis
Citrullus colocynthis, colocynth or bitter apple (alhandal, handal), a perennial desert cucurbit vine from Macaronesia to Myanmar; bitter fruits rich in cucurbitacins, used traditionally as a purgative and antidiabetic, but toxic with a narrow therapeutic index.
Coccinia
Coccinia (ivy gourd genus, Cucurbitaceae, Benincaseae) is a genus of dioecious African climbing gourds with scarlet berries; 25 species per Holstein's 2015 monograph, with Coccinia grandis naturalized across the tropics and used medicinally against diabetes.
Coriaria
Coriaria, sole genus of Coriariaceae in Cucurbitales, is a shrub genus with a strikingly disjunct Mediterranean, Himalayan, Australasian, and American distribution, nitrogen-fixing root nodules, and picrotoxin-like toxins (tutin, coriamyrtin).
Cormus domestica
Cormus domestica, the true service tree (syn. Sorbus domestica L.), is a monospecific Rosaceae genus and wild fruit tree of southern Europe and northwest Africa, with bletted sorb-apple fruits, fissured bark, and a disputed taxonomy between Cormus, Sorbus, and Pyrus.
Corylus
Corylus is a genus of trees and shrubs in the birch family, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, whose species produce the edible nuts known as hazelnuts.
Cotoneaster
Cotoneaster, a Rosaceae genus of berry-bearing shrubs native to temperate Eurasia and North Africa, with 270 to 400 species, apomictic polyploid taxonomy, and several invasive ornamental species.
Crataegus
Crataegus (hawthorn) is a Rosaceae genus of thorny shrubs and small trees of temperate Eurasia and North America, with roughly 150–260 species, complicated by hybridization, polyploidy, and apomixis.
Crataegus monogyna
Crataegus monogyna, common or single-seed hawthorn (aubepine), a thorny Rosaceae tree native from Europe to Iraq and North Africa, widely naturalized and invasive in North America and Australia, used medicinally.
Cucurbita maxima
Cucurbita maxima (winter squash; Hubbard squash, buttercup squash, giant pumpkin) is a domesticated Cucurbitaceae species of exclusively South American origin, with wild progenitor C. andreana, spread worldwide in the 19th century.
Cucurbitales
Cucurbitales, the gourd and begonia order of flowering plants, a fabid rosid order of seven or eight families including Cucurbitaceae and Begoniaceae, sister to Fagales, with mostly unisexual flowers and major crops like squash, cucumber, and watermelon.