2,112 articles
Ericales
Ericales (Bercht. & J.Presl, 1820) is an asterid order of eudicot flowering plants with 22 families, 346 genera, and about 12,000 species, including tea, blueberry, persimmon, Brazil nut, and rhododendron; it diversified from about 110 Ma.
Ericameria nauseosa
Ericameria nauseosa, rubber rabbitbrush (formerly Chrysothamnus nauseosus), is a widespread western North American Asteraceae shrub with yellow fall flowers, two subspecies and 22 varieties, used for revegetation, wildlife browse, and rubber.
Erigeron
Erigeron (fleabane) is a cosmopolitan genus of daisy-like herbs in Asteraceae, tribe Astereae, published by Linnaeus in 1753, with 461 accepted species; Conyza is a disputed synonym, and species include E. annuus, E. canadensis, and E. karvinskianus.
Eriobotrya
Eriobotrya (loquat genus) is a Rosaceae genus of evergreen trees native from the Himalaya to Taiwan and western Malesia, with about 36 species; its type species Eriobotrya japonica is the loquat fruit tree, and its merger into Rhaphiolepis remains disputed.
Eriogonum
Eriogonum, wild buckwheats, is a North American genus of about 256 species in Polygonaceae, ranging from Alaska to northern Mexico, centered in California, with many rare soil specialists and restoration-used shrubs.
Eriosyce curvispina
Eriosyce curvispina, also placed as Neoporteria or Horridocactus curvispinus, is a globular cactus endemic to central Chile. A 2024 molecular revision split the broad species complex into nine endemic species and assessed E. curvispina as Vulnerable.
Erodium
Erodium (stork's-bill, filaree), a genus of about 80–122 Geraniaceae herbs, mainly Mediterranean, known for long-beaked fruits whose hygroscopic awns explosively launch and drill seeds into soil; E. cicutarium is a widespread weed.
Erodium cicutarium
Erodium cicutarium, common stork's-bill or redstem filaree (芹叶牻牛儿苗), a Geraniaceae annual/biennial herb native to temperate Eurasia and North Africa, naturalized worldwide, with stork-bill fruits, ballistic seed dispersal, and up to 9,900 seeds per plant.
Eruca sativa
Eruca sativa, known as arugula, rocket, or rucola, is an annual Mediterranean herb in the mustard family grown as a peppery salad vegetable and for Taramira oil in India.
Eruca vesicaria
Eruca vesicaria, also called garden rocket or arugula (Eruca sativa), is an annual Brassicaceae herb native to Spain, Morocco, and Algeria, grown for pungent salad leaves and taramira seed oil.
Eryngium
Eryngium (sea holly, eryngo) is the largest genus of Apiaceae, about 250 spiny, capitate-flowered species worldwide, split into subgenera Eryngium and Monocotyloidea, used as food, medicine, and ornamentals.
Eryngium campestre
Eryngium campestre, the field eryngo, is a spiny perennial herb of the carrot family native to Europe, North Africa, and the Caucasus, growing up to about 75 cm.
Eryngium maritimum
Eryngium maritimum, sea holly, is a spiny blue-flowered perennial Apiaceae of European coastal dunes and shingle from the Atlantic to the Black Sea, a poor competitor threatened locally by habitat loss and invasive plants.
Erysimum
Erysimum (wallflower) is a large, taxonomically complex genus of Brassicaceae with about 150–350 species across temperate Eurasia, Macaronesia, North Africa, and the Americas, combining glucosinolates with cardenolides and radiating rapidly in the Pliocene-Pleistocene.
Erysimum cheiri
Erysimum cheiri, also Erysimum × cheiri or Cheiranthus cheiri, the wallflower or Aegean wallflower, a fragrant Brassicaceae subshrub native to Greece, naturalized widely, grown ornamentally and used for essential oils and folk medicine.
Erythrina
Erythrina (coral trees) is a pantropical genus of about 100–150 prickly, red-flowered legume trees and shrubs in Fabaceae, used as ornamentals, shade and stake trees, green manure, light timber, and medicine.
Erythrophleum
Erythrophleum (ordeal tree genus) is a genus of 12 toxic legume tree species in Fabaceae, native to Africa, Madagascar, Asia, and Australia, containing the heart-poisoning alkaloid erythrophleine.
Erythroxylum
Erythroxylum (coca genus) is a pantropical genus of about 200-270 trees and shrubs in Erythroxylaceae, Malpighiales; includes Erythroxylum coca and E. novogranatense, source of cocaine, with intrapetiolar stipules and 10 fused stamens.
Escallonia
Escallonia (Mutis ex L.f., 1782) is a genus of about 40 evergreen shrubs and small trees in Escalloniaceae, native from Costa Rica to southern South America; n=12 chromosomes, Andean origin, popular flowering hedge plants.
Eschscholzia californica
Eschscholzia californica, the California poppy or golden poppy, is an herbaceous flowering plant native from Washington to Baja California, proclaimed California's state flower in 1903 and widely grown as an ornamental.
Espostoopsis dybowskii
Espostoopsis dybowskii (cabeça-de-velho, old man cactus) is the sole species of the monotypic cactus genus Espostoopsis, a Vulnerable columnar cactus endemic to Bahia, Brazil's caatinga, with two disjunct populations and CITES Appendix II protection.
Essential oil
Essential oils are concentrated volatile plant extracts, typically 20–60 compounds, obtained by steam distillation or cold pressing; used in aromatherapy, flavorings, and fragrances, with moderate-confidence evidence mainly for dysmenorrhea pain.
Ethnobotany
Ethnobotany is the scientific study of relationships between plants and human societies, covering food, medicine, and cultural uses. Coined by Harshberger in 1895, it spans paleoethnobotany, economic botany, conservation, and Indigenous knowledge rights.
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus (eucalypts) is a Myrtaceae genus of about 880 evergreen Australian tree and shrub species with operculate buds and woody capsules, including the 99.6 m Eucalyptus regnans, the world's most widely planted hardwood timber genus.
Eucalyptus bridgesiana
Eucalyptus bridgesiana, the apple box (apple gum), is an Australian Myrtaceae tree of the Great Dividing Range tablelands, glaucous juvenile leaves, seven-flowered umbels, IUCN Vulnerable A2c after 40.1% habitat decline, introduced to Hawaii.
Eucalyptus deglupta
Eucalyptus deglupta, the rainbow eucalyptus or Mindanao gum (bagras, kamarere), is a tropical Myrtaceae tree native to the Philippines, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea, known for peeling multicolored bark and grown for pulp and timber.
Eucalyptus diversicolor
Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor F.Muell., 1863) is Western Australia's tallest eucalypt, reaching about 90 m in high-rainfall south-west forests from Nannup to Denmark; a strong structural timber historically exported from Karridale.
Eucalyptus globulus
Eucalyptus globulus, known as the Tasmanian blue gum, is a tall evergreen tree native to Tasmania and Victoria, widely grown for timber and eucalyptus oil.
Eucalyptus grandis
Eucalyptus grandis, flooded gum or rose gum, is a fast-growing Australian Myrtaceae tree up to 60 m, among the most widely planted eucalypts for pulp, mainly in Brazil and South Africa, hybridizing readily with E. saligna.
Eucalyptus marginata
Eucalyptus marginata, jarrah, is a tall eucalypt endemic to south-west Western Australia, dominant in jarrah forest on lateritic soils, a durable termite-resistant red timber, IUCN Near Threatened, with commercial native logging ended in 2024.