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Eucalyptus nitens
Eucalyptus nitens, known as shining gum or ribbon gum, is a fast-growing eucalypt tree native to southeastern Australia and a principal pulpwood plantation species of the southern hemisphere.
Eucalyptus oil
Eucalyptus oil, also called eucalyptol-rich essential oil, is steam-distilled from Eucalyptus globulus, polybractea, or smithii leaves, contains at least 70% 1,8-cineole, and is used for cough relief but is toxic if ingested.
Eucalyptus saligna
Eucalyptus saligna, Sydney blue gum or blue gum (柳叶桉), a fast-growing Myrtaceae tree to 50 m native to Queensland and New South Wales, widely planted for timber worldwide; IUCN Least Concern, invasive-risk species in Florida.
Eucalyptus tereticornis
Eucalyptus tereticornis, the forest red gum or blue gum, is a Myrtaceae tree to 50 m native from Victoria to Papua New Guinea (6–38°S), IUCN Least Concern, widely planted for timber, pulp, oil, and honey.
Eucalyptus urophylla
Eucalyptus urophylla, Timor white gum or Timor mountain gum (ampupu), an endangered Myrtaceae tree native to the Lesser Sunda Islands and Timor-Leste, widely planted for pulp and as the E. grandis hybrid parent.
Eucommia ulmoides
Eucommia ulmoides (杜仲), the gutta-percha tree, is a hardy rubber tree from central and southern China, the sole species of its family and long used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Eudicots
Eudicots (tricolpates): the largest clade of flowering plants, defined by three-apertured (tricolpate) pollen; includes core eudicots with rosids and asterids; recognized in APG IV and APG V classifications.
Eugenia
Eugenia, a large genus of Myrtaceae trees and shrubs published by Linnaeus in 1753, has about 1,000–1,205 pantropical species centered in the Neotropics, 4-merous flowers, fused-cotyledon embryos, and edible fruits like pitanga.
Eugenia uniflora
Eugenia uniflora L., the pitanga or Surinam cherry, is a Myrtaceae shrub or small tree native to E. and S. Brazil to S. South America, grown for ribbed edible fruit, invasive in south Florida, IUCN Least Concern.
Euonymus
Euonymus (spindle trees, burning bush) is a Celastraceae genus of about 130-149 shrub, tree, and vine species, native Old World to the Americas, centered in East Asia, with only two of five sections molecularly supported and E. alatus invasive in the US.
Eupatorium
Eupatorium (bonesets, thoroughworts) is a genus of Asteraceae herbs established by Linnaeus in 1753, type E. cannabinum, with about 45-69 accepted north temperate species after narrowing from a much broader, polyphyletic circumscription.
Eupatorium cannabinum
Eupatorium cannabinum, hemp agrimony, Wasserdost, is a perennial Asteraceae herb native from Europe to Central Asia, Iran, and NW Africa, with hemp-like leaves, pink flowerheads, 2n=20, and pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
Euphorbia
Euphorbia (spurges) is a cosmopolitan genus of Euphorbiaceae, one of the largest plant genera with roughly 1,200 to over 2,000 species, defined by milky toxic latex and the cyathium inflorescence, with four subgenera and wide medicinal use.
Euphorbia antisyphilitica
Euphorbia antisyphilitica, commonly known as candelilla, is a semisucculent shrub of the spurge family native to the southern United States and Mexico and the source of candelilla wax.
Euphorbia cyparissias
Euphorbia cyparissias, cypress or graveyard spurge, a rhizomatous Euphorbiaceae perennial native to Europe and NW Türkiye, introduced across North America, Japan, and New Zealand, reproducing by seed and creeping roots.
Euphorbia heterophylla
Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia, Mexican fireplant, milkweed) is an annual latex-bearing Euphorbiaceae herb native to tropical America, now a pantropical soybean and maize weed with documented ALS, glyphosate, and PPO herbicide resistance.
Euphorbia hirta
Euphorbia hirta (asthma plant, tawa-tawa), an annual Euphorbiaceae herb native to tropical America, used in traditional medicine for asthma, diarrhea, and dengue; pharmacology remains preclinical.
Euphorbia milii
Euphorbia milii, crown of thorns or Christ plant, is a spiny semisucculent Madagascan shrub in Euphorbiaceae grown for red, pink, white, or yellow bracts; its toxic latex causes dermatitis and eye injury, and its diterpenoids show molluscicidal and pharmacological activity.
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae Juss., 1789), is a Malpighiales family of about 230 genera and 6,500+ species with unisexual flowers, latex, and the unique cyathium; includes Hevea rubber, cassava, and castor oil plants.
Euphrasia
Euphrasia, the eyebrights, is a genus of semi-parasitic annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs in Orobanchaceae, first published by Linnaeus in 1753 and notorious for how hard its species are to tell apart.
Euryale ferox
Euryale ferox (makhana, fox nut, gorgon nut, prickly water lily) is the only extant Euryale species, a spiny aquatic Nymphaeaceae whose popped seeds are a major cash crop of north Bihar, India, with 76.9% carbohydrate and 9.7% protein.
Eurycoma longifolia
Eurycoma longifolia, tongkat ali or pasak bumi, is a Southeast Asian Simaroubaceae tree whose root is used as a traditional male sexual health and testosterone supplement; marker compound eurycomanone.
Fabaceae
Fabaceae (Leguminosae), the legume family: third-largest angiosperm family, ~751 genera and ~19,500 species, six subfamilies, pod fruits, rhizobial nitrogen fixation, and major food crops like soybean, pea, and bean.
Fabales
Fabales is an order of flowering plants with four families: Fabaceae, Polygalaceae, Quillajaceae, and Surianaceae. The legumes alone hold over 95 percent of its more than 20,000 species.
Fagaceae
Fagaceae (beech family), oaks Quercus, beeches Fagus, chestnuts Castanea; 8 genera, ~1,000 Northern Hemisphere tree species; nuts in woody cupules; major hardwood timbers.
Fagales
Fagales (Engler, 1892) is an order of woody flowering plants in the fabid rosids, with seven families including Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Nothofagaceae, Casuarinaceae, Myricaceae, and Ticodendraceae; about 1,325 species, wind-pollinated, Cretaceous origin, NCBI taxonomy ID 3502.
Fagopyrum
Fagopyrum (buckwheat genus), Polygonaceae, ca. 25-30 species mostly from southern China and the Himalaya; includes cultivated common buckwheat F. esculentum and Tartary buckwheat F. tataricum, split into cymosum and urophyllum groups.
Fagopyrum tataricum
Fagopyrum tataricum, Tartary or bitter buckwheat (तिते फापर), is a self-pollinating Himalayan pseudocereal grown by the Yi people since the 2nd century BC, distinguished from common buckwheat by rutin levels up to 81 mg/g and bitter grain.
Fagus
Fagus (beech) is a genus of about 10–15 deciduous Fagaceae trees of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, from Europe, Asia, and North America to Mexico, with trigonous nuts and a fossil record back to the early Paleocene/Eocene.
Fagus crenata
Fagus crenata, the Japanese beech, is a deciduous beech-family tree endemic to Japan, growing 15 to 30 meters tall and dominating cool-temperate forests from Kyushu to Hokkaido.