4,295 articles
Forsythia suspensa
Forsythia suspensa (连翘), weeping forsythia, Oleaceae shrub native to China; golden spring flowers on pendulous hollow-pith branches; source of TCM drug Forsythiae Fructus (lianqiao); parent of Forsythia × intermedia.
Fortingall Yew
Fortingall Yew: ancient common yew (Taxus baccata) in Fortingall churchyard, Perthshire, Scotland; often called Britain's or Europe's oldest tree, estimated 2,000-3,000 years old, girth 52 ft in 1769, now fragmented, reported changing sex in 2015.
Fossil and extinct gnetophytes
Fossil and extinct gnetophytes are Mesozoic and Cenozoic plant fossils assigned to the gnetophyte lineage, whose living relatives are Ephedra, Gnetum, and Welwitschia; their diversity peaked in the Early Cretaceous.
Fossil and extinct isoetalean lycophytes
Fossil and extinct isoetalean lycophytes are the extinct relatives of quillworts, ranging from the latest Devonian to the Holocene and once including trees up to 50 m tall.
Fossil Araucariaceae
Fossil Araucariaceae is the fossil record of the southern conifer family that includes the monkey puzzle tree, kauris, and the Wollemi pine, once widespread across Gondwana in the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous.
Fossil horsetails
Fossil horsetails are the preserved remains of the order Equisetales, jointed-stemmed plants known from the Devonian onward, whose extinct relatives included calamite trees up to 30 meters tall.
Fossil Podocarpaceae
Fossil Podocarpaceae is the fossil record of the podocarp conifers, preserved as cones and wood from the Early Cretaceous onward, when the family ranged far beyond its modern tropical distribution.
Fouquieria fasciculata
Fouquieria fasciculata (ocotillo, árbol del barril, tzitcó) is a Vulnerable, CITES Appendix I caudex shrub of southern Hidalgo, Mexico, in subg. Bronnia with F. purpusii, bearing white ten-stamened winter flowers.
Four-leaf clover
Four-leaf clover: a rare four-leaflet variant of normally trifoliate clover, mostly white clover (Trifolium repens); recessive trait plus environment, found about 1 in 5,000, a luck symbol.
Foxtail (diaspore)
Foxtail (diaspore): barbed grass seed-dispersal units from Hordeum jubatum and Setaria species whose one-way awns self-bury in soil but lodge in animals, migrating through tissue; removal is the only treatment.
Foxtail millet
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), also called Italian or German millet, is a C4 cereal domesticated in northern China about 8,700 years ago, grown for grain and hay, with high water-use efficiency and about 12.3 g protein per 100 g.
Fragaria
Fragaria, the strawberry genus (Rosaceae), 24 accepted species from diploid to decaploid on x=7; Fragaria × ananassa, the octoploid garden strawberry, is a hybrid of F. virginiana and F. chiloensis from the Americas.
Fragaria vesca
Fragaria vesca, woodland or wild strawberry, alpine strawberry, is a diploid Rosaceae perennial herb with 240 Mb genome, reference genome for Fragaria, and diploid progenitor of cultivated Fragaria × ananassa.
Fragilaria
Fragilaria, established by Lyngbye in 1819, is a genus of araphid freshwater diatoms forming ribbon-shaped colonies, widely used in paleolimnology to reconstruct past lake conditions.
Frangula alnus
Frangula alnus (alder buckthorn, glossy buckthorn; syn. Rhamnus frangula), a Rhamnaceae shrub native from Europe to Central Siberia and NW Africa, used for laxative bark and gunpowder charcoal, and a highly invasive North American weed.
Frankincense
Frankincense, also called olibanum, is the aromatic gum resin tapped from Boswellia trees in Arabia, Africa, and India, burned as incense since antiquity and traded across the ancient Mediterranean world.
Fraser fir
Fraser fir, also called she-balsam, is an evergreen conifer native to high elevations in the southern Appalachian Mountains and a leading North American Christmas tree species.
Fraxinus
Fraxinus (ash), genus of about 43 Oleaceae tree species of the Northern Hemisphere with pinnate leaves and winged samara fruits; threatened by ash dieback and emerald ash borer, valued for elastic timber.
Fraxinus americana
Fraxinus americana, white ash or American white ash, is an eastern North American hardwood tree prized for shock-resistant timber used in baseball bats and tool handles; now critically endangered from emerald ash borer.
Fraxinus excelsior
Fraxinus excelsior, common or European ash, a large European deciduous timber tree in Oleaceae, native Europe to Iran, IUCN Near Threatened due to ash dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) and threatened by emerald ash borer.
Fraxinus ornus
Fraxinus ornus (manna ash, flowering ash) is a Mediterranean deciduous ash tree grown in Sicily and Calabria for manna, a mannitol-rich sweet bark exudate used as a mild laxative; IUCN Least Concern.
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, green ash (also red ash), a dioecious North American ash tree of floodplains and urban plantings, 50-70 ft tall, now Critically Endangered from emerald ash borer.
Fred the Tree
Fred the Tree is an Australian pine (Casuarina) growing out of the roadbed of the abandoned Old Seven Mile Bridge in the Florida Keys, a celebrated local landmark.
Freekeh (فريكة)
Freekeh (فريكة), also farik or frik, is smoky roasted green durum wheat from Levantine and North African cuisine; name from Arabic farak, to rub; protein 11–15%, fiber 12–19%, contains gluten.
Freesia
Freesia (Freesia Eckl. ex Klatt) is a genus of 16 cormous Iridaceae species native from Kenya to South Africa, named for Friedrich Freese; fragrant cut flowers, over 110 million stems sold yearly in the UK.
Fridericia
Fridericia Mart. (Bignoniaceae, tribe Bignonieae) is a genus of about 62 neotropical liana species from Mexico to tropical America, formerly including most of Arrabidaea; best known for the medicinal, dye plant Fridericia chica.
Fried rice (炒饭)
Fried rice (炒饭, chao fan) is a Chinese-origin stir-fried rice dish dating to the Sui dynasty, best known as Yangzhou fried rice, with regional versions like nasi goreng, khao pad, and chahan, cooked with day-old rice for wok hei flavor.
Fritillaria
Fritillaria (fritillaries), genus of bulbous Liliaceae herbs native from NW Africa and temperate Eurasia to N Myanmar and Alaska to NW Mexico; ~175 species, huge genomes, medicinal bulbs, threatened Himalayan species.
Frond
Frond: the leaf of a fern, a megaphyll with stipe, rachis, blade, pinnae, and pinnules; often pinnate to tripinnate, uncoiling from a fiddlehead, and bearing sori for spore reproduction.
Fruit tree
Fruit tree: woody perennial grown for edible fruit (apple, olive, citrus, mango, banana). Domesticated after grain agriculture in the fourth millennium BC; propagated by grafting scion onto rootstock; key crops in orchards and agroforestry.