72 articles
Dirty dairying
Dirty dairying: 2002 Fish and Game campaign against New Zealand dairy farming's waterway pollution, leading to the 2003 Dairying and Clean Streams Accord, 2013 Water Accord, and 2020 stock exclusion regulations.
Dulce de leche
Dulce de leche (doce de leite, cajeta, arequipe, manjar) is a Latin American milk caramel made by heating milk with sugar via Maillard reactions; regional names, regulations, origin dispute, and uses differ by country.
Edwin Dun
Edwin Dun (エドウィン・ダン, 1848–1931), American rancher from Ohio, father of Hokkaido dairy farming; Kaitakushi adviser 1873–1882, built Makomanai ranch and irrigation channel, later U.S. Minister to Japan 1893–1897.
Farm Fresh (company)
Farm Fresh Berhad (FFB, formerly The Holstein Milk Company) is a Malaysian vertically integrated dairy producer founded by Loi Tuan Ee, listed on Bursa Malaysia in 2022, known for fresh RTD milk, Inside Scoop ice cream, and Southeast Asian expansion.
Ferguson TE20
Ferguson TE20, the "little grey Fergie", a small grey utility tractor built at Banner Lane, Coventry, 1946–1956, carrying Harry Ferguson's three-point linkage; over 517,000 built, with Continental then Standard Vanguard engines, succeeded by the Massey Ferguson 35.
Fonterra
Fonterra Co-operative Group, New Zealand's farmer-owned dairy cooperative formed in 2001 under DIRA, collects about 80% of NZ milk, exports 95% of it, sets the regulated farmgate milk price, and sold its Mainland consumer brands to Lactalis for $3.845 billion in 2026.
Ford N-series tractor
Ford N-series tractor: Ford-Ferguson 9N, 2N, and 8N farm tractors, 1939–1952, built around the Ferguson three-point hitch. 119.7 cu in four-cylinder gasoline engines, transmission-driven non-live PTO, 8N four-speed.
FrieslandCampina
FrieslandCampina, formally Royal FrieslandCampina N.V., is a Dutch dairy company owned by a cooperative of about 15,000 member dairy farmers, formed in 2008 from the merger of Friesland Foods and Campina.
Glanbia
Glanbia (Glanbia plc) is an Irish global nutrition company formed from the 1997 Avonmore-Waterford merger and renamed in 1999. It runs Performance Nutrition (Optimum Nutrition), Health & Nutrition, and Dairy Nutrition, with FY2025 revenue of $3.9 billion; Tirlán is its largest shareholder.
Hannah Hauxwell
Hannah Hauxwell (1926–2018), Yorkshire Dales farmer of Low Birk Hatt Farm, Baldersdale, became a national celebrity through the 1973 documentary Too Long a Winter; farmed alone without electricity or running water, later honored by Hannah's Meadow nature reserve.
Jersey cattle
Jersey cattle, a small dairy breed from the Channel Island of Jersey (also called Registered Jerseys), isolated by import laws from 1763 until 2008; small 410 kg cows producing high-butterfat, high-protein milk with superior feed efficiency, now in 82+ countries.
Kerry Group
Kerry Group (Kerry Group plc) is an Irish food ingredients multinational, formerly a dairy cooperative, now a pure-play taste and nutrition supplier; FY2025 revenue €6,758m, EBITDA €1,208m, 19,000+ employees in 50 countries, Kerry Dairy Ireland sold December 2024. Distinct from Kerrygold (Ornua) and Kier Group.
Lactalis
Lactalis (Groupe Lactalis, formerly Besnier) is a French family-owned dairy multinational founded in 1933 in Laval by André Besnier; the world's largest dairy company, with brands Président, Galbani, and Parmalat, €31.2 billion 2025 revenue, and 85,500 employees in 50 countries.
Land O'Lakes
Land O'Lakes, Inc. is a farmer-owned agricultural cooperative founded in 1921 in St. Paul, Minnesota, known for its butter brand; it also runs Purina animal nutrition, WinField United crop inputs, and Truterra, with $17 billion in 2023 sales.
Marie Harel
Marie Harel, born Marie Catherine Fontaine (1761–1844), was a Norman farmwoman credited by legend with inventing Camembert cheese in 1791, though historians regard this as an origin myth.
Max Yasgur
Max Yasgur (1919–1973), American dairy farmer who leased his 600-acre Bethel, New York farm for the 1969 Woodstock festival; faced neighbor lawsuits and boycotts, addressed 400,000 attendees, and died in Florida in 1973.
Milk
Milk, the mammary secretion of dairy animals (cow, buffalo, goat, sheep, yak, camel), is a nutrient-dense drink and cheese/butter source; water is 83-91%, cow fat 3-4%, pasteurization mandated from 1908, world output ~950 Mt in 2024.
Milking
Milking is the extraction of milk from dairy animals by hand, machine, or robotic systems. Key facts: oxytocin let-down lasts 5-7 minutes; machine milking generally improves hygiene and udder health; robotic milking produced 6% of U.S. milk in 2021.
Milking machine
A milking machine extracts milk from dairy animals by vacuum with pulsation, using teat cups, a pulsator, and a vacuum pump to milk up to 200 cows an hour.
Milking parlour
A milking parlour is a purpose-built farm facility where cows are brought to be milked by an operator in a sunken pit, with herringbone, parallel, and rotary layouts.
Milking pipeline
A milking pipeline, also called a milk pipeline, is a permanently mounted vacuum pipe carrying milk from cows in a barn to a central receiver and bulk tank.
Mixer-wagon
Mixer-wagon (feed mixer wagon, diet feeder): trailer, truck-mounted, or self-propelled machine that weighs, cuts, mixes, and delivers total mixed rations to cattle; vertical, horizontal-auger, and reel types, 5–45 m³ chambers, mixing accuracy affects milk yield.
Modern Farming (现代牧业)
Modern Farming (现代牧业), formally China Modern Dairy Holdings Ltd, is a large-scale dairy farming company founded in 2005 in Ma'anshan, Anhui, China, and majority-controlled by Mengniu Dairy.
Mother Dairy
Mother Dairy is an Indian dairy company founded in 1974 under Operation Flood, selling milk, ice cream, and ghee, and leading milk retail in Delhi.
Narita Dream Farm
Narita Dream Farm (成田ゆめ牧場, Narita Yume Bokujo) is a tourist dairy farm in Narita, Chiba, Japan, opened 1987 for the 100th anniversary of Akiba Bokujo (founded 1887). About 300,000 m², with animal encounters, dairy made on site, camping, and seasonal flower fields.
Nasu Senbonmatsu Farm
Nasu Senbonmatsu Farm (千本松牧場), a Horai Co. dairy and tourist farm in Nasushiobara, Tochigi, founded 1893 by Matsukata Masayoshi; 834 ha, free entry, jingisukan, onsen, 2025 renewal.
National Dairy Development Board (राष्ट्रीय डेयरी विकास बोर्ड)
National Dairy Development Board (राष्ट्रीय डेयरी विकास बोर्ड), founded 1965 at Anand, Gujarat, India's statutory dairy development body that implemented Operation Flood (1970–1996), making India the world's largest milk producer; distinct from the New Development Bank (NDB).
Ovsynch
Ovsynch is a hormonal synchronization program for dairy cattle using two GnRH injections and one prostaglandin F2α injection, allowing timed artificial insemination without estrus detection.
Parmalat
Parmalat: Italian dairy company founded 1961 by Calisto Tanzi at Collecchio; world UHT milk leader until its December 2003 accounting fraud collapse (€3.95 billion forged Bank of America document), now Lactalis's fluid-milk brand since 2011.
Powdered milk
Powdered milk, also called dried or milk powder, is milk dehydrated mainly by spray drying into shelf-stable whole and skimmed powders used for reconstitution, baking, ice cream, and infant formula, graded on solubility, moisture, and microbial counts.