72,234 articles
HK1
HK1 (hexokinase 1, 10q22.1) encodes the ubiquitous hexokinase that phosphorylates glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, the rate-limiting first step of glycolysis; silenced in beta-cells, its cis-regulatory variants cause congenital hyperinsulinism.
HL-60 (HL60)
HL-60 (HL60, Human Leukemia-60) is a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line established in 1977 from a 36-year-old woman's peripheral blood, later classified FAB-M2 AML; a standard model for myeloid differentiation and neutrophil research.
HLA matching
HLA matching is the laboratory comparison of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types between a transplant donor and recipient, used to predict immune compatibility and reduce graft rejection.
HLA typing
HLA typing is the laboratory and computational determination of which human leukocyte antigen alleles a person carries, underpinning transplant donor matching, disease association studies, and drug safety screening.
HLA-A
HLA-A: classical MHC class I gene on chromosome 6 encoding a peptide-presenting molecule for CD8+ T cells; highly polymorphic, first class I structure solved (HLA-A2), central to transplant typing.
HLA-B
HLA-B (major histocompatibility complex, class I, B) is a highly polymorphic human MHC class I gene presenting peptides to CD8+ T cells; HLA-B27 links to ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B51 to Behçet disease, and HLA-B*57:01 to abacavir hypersensitivity.
HLA-B27
HLA-B27, an HLA-B gene allele encoding an MHC class I antigen, is the strongest known common-variant disease association, linked to ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, and anterior uveitis since its 1973 discovery.
HLA-C
HLA-C (major histocompatibility complex, class I, C) is the third classical human MHC class I gene at 6p21.33, encoding a beta-2 microglobulin-paired peptide-presenting chain, distinguished by low cell-surface expression and KIR ligand groups C1 and C2.
HLA-DPB1
HLA-DPB1 (major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP beta 1), also called DPB1 or HLA-DP1B, is a polymorphic chromosome 6p21.32 gene encoding the beta chain of the HLA-DP antigen-presenting molecule, linked to beryllium disease, GPA, and transplant matching.
HLA-DQA1
HLA-DQA1 (DQ alpha 1) is a human MHC class II gene at 6p21.32 encoding the alpha chain of the HLA-DQ antigen-presenting heterodimer with HLA-DQB1; its DQ2/DQ8 variants are the major celiac disease risk factors.
HLA-DQB1
HLA-DQB1 (IDDM1, CELIAC1) is a chromosome 6p21.32 MHC class II gene encoding the DQ beta chain; its DQ2, DQ8, and DQB1*06:02 alleles shape risk of celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and narcolepsy.
HLA-DR
HLA-DR (human leukocyte antigen D-related) is an MHC class II molecule presenting peptides to CD4+ T cells, with a conserved DRA alpha chain and beta chains from DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, or DRB5 genes defining DR51, DR52, and DR53 groups.
HLA-DRA
HLA-DRA (major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha) is the essentially monomorphic human gene at 6p21.32 encoding the shared alpha chain of HLA-DR class II antigen-presenting molecules paired with DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 beta chains.
HLA-DRB1
HLA-DRB1 (major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1) is a highly polymorphic human MHC class II gene on chromosome 6p21.3 encoding the DR beta chain; its alleles drive rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis risk and guide transplant matching.
HLA-DRB3
HLA-DRB3 (DR beta 3, DR52) is a human MHC class II beta-chain gene at 6p21.3, carried on DR3/DR5/DR6 haplotypes, less polymorphic than DRB1, expressed at lower levels, and relevant to transplant matching and membranous nephropathy.
HLA-DRB5
HLA-DRB5 (DRB5) is a protein-coding HLA class II beta chain gene at 6p21.32, named in 1989, carried on DR2 (DRB1*15/16) haplotypes and defining the DR51 specificity; its beta chain dimerizes with DRA and is typed for transplantation.
HLA-E
HLA-E is a non-classical MHC class I protein on chromosome 6 that presents leader peptides from other HLA molecules to NK cell receptors, influencing immunity, infection, and cancer immunotherapy.
HLA-G
HLA-G, human leukocyte antigen G, is a nonclassical MHC class I molecule on chromosome 6p21 with seven splice isoforms that suppress immunity via LILRB1, LILRB2, and KIR2DL4, enabling fetal tolerance, graft acceptance, and tumor immune escape.
HLX35
HLX35 (BNA035) is a recombinant humanized EGFR x 4-1BB bispecific antibody from Shanghai Henlius, licensed to Binacea for ex-China territories, tested in phase 1 solid tumor trials and later suspended by company decision.
HM3™ trial
MOMENTUM 3 (HM3 trial, NCT02224755): randomized trial comparing the HeartMate 3 magnetically levitated LVAD with HeartMate II in advanced heart failure; showed superior 2- and 5-year event-free survival and supported FDA approval.
HMG box-containing protein 1
HMG box-containing protein 1 (HBP1) is a human 514-aa HMG box transcription factor and cell cycle inhibitor on chromosome 7q31, a putative tumor suppressor downregulated in many cancers but overexpressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
HMG-CoA reductase
HMG-CoA reductase is the membrane-bound enzyme that converts HMG-CoA to mevalonate, the rate-limiting step of the mevalonate pathway feeding cholesterol synthesis, making it the primary target of statin drugs.
HMGA1
HMGA1 (high mobility group AT-hook 1, HMG-I/Y), human gene at 6p21.31 encoding an 11-kDa intrinsically disordered chromatin protein with three AT-hooks that binds AT-rich DNA minor grooves, regulates transcription, and is overexpressed in aggressive cancers.
HMGA2
HMGA2 (high mobility group AT-hook 2, formerly HMGI-C/HMGIC) is a chromosome 12q14.3 gene encoding a small architectural chromatin protein, highly expressed in embryos and re-expressed in most cancers, where overexpression marks poor prognosis.
HMGB1
HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1, HMG1, amphoterin) is a 215-aa non-histone chromatin protein and DAMP; redox state (Cys23/45/106) sets chemotactic, cytokine, or inert function.
HMGB2
HMGB2 (high mobility group box 2, HMG2; Gene ID 3148) is a human non-histone chromosomal protein with two HMG-box DNA-binding domains that bends DNA, regulates chromatin architecture, senescence, fertility, and is overexpressed in many cancers.
HMGCR/SNAP/NPC1-like, sterol-sensing domain
HMGCR/SNAP/NPC1-like sterol-sensing domain (InterPro IPR053958): a conserved five-transmembrane-helix domain in SCAP, HMGCR, NPC1, NPC1L1, Patched, Dispatched, 7-DHCR, and TRC8 that mediates sterol-regulated Insig binding and cholesterol homeostasis.
HMOX1
HMOX1 (HO-1, HSP32) is the human chromosome 22q12.3 gene encoding inducible heme oxygenase 1, the rate-limiting enzyme converting heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and ferrous iron; deficiency causes a rare autosomal recessive disease.
HMPL-A830
HMPL-A830 is HUTCHMED's first-in-class KRAS inhibitor payload conjugated to an anti-EGFR antibody (ATTC) for solid tumors; in Phase I/IIa trial NCT07718581 and licensed to GSK ex-Greater China for up to US$1.295 billion.
HMW glutenin
HMW glutenin (high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits, HMW-GS) are wheat endosperm storage proteins encoded by Glu-1 loci that form gluten's disulfide-bonded elastic backbone; minor in mass but key determinants of dough strength and breadmaking quality.