72,234 articles
Mickie Bhatia
Mickie Bhatia, also published as Mick Bhatia, is a Canadian stem cell biologist who directs the McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute and studies cancer stem cells.
Miconazole
Miconazole, an imidazole antifungal synthesized by Janssen in 1969, treats candidiasis and dermatophyte infections topically; distinct from other azoles by dual ergosterol and peroxidase inhibition, its intravenous form was withdrawn for vehicle toxicity.
Miconia
Miconia (Ruiz & Pav.) is a large Neotropical genus of Melastomataceae shrubs and trees with about 1,893 accepted species, native to tropical and subtropical America, introduced to Hawaii and Indian Ocean islands, and including rare Atlantic Forest endemics such as Miconia ulei.
Miconia calvescens
Miconia calvescens (velvet tree, purple plague), a Melastomataceae tree from Central and South America, is a notorious Pacific island invader that has overrun Tahiti's forests and is targeted by eradication programs in Hawaii, Australia, and New Caledonia.
Micrarchaeota
Micrarchaeota (Candidatus Micrarchaeota; formally Microcaldota) is a DPANN phylum of ultra-small archaea from acid mine drainage (ARMAN), with 0.64–1.08 Mb genomes, mostly ectosymbiotic on Thermoplasmatales and Sulfolobales hosts, though some lineages are free-living.
Micraster
Micraster (Agassiz, 1836) is an extinct genus of heart urchins (Spatangoida, Micrasteridae) from the Upper Cretaceous Chalk of Europe, a classic index fossil and evolutionary lineage, type species Spatangus coranguinum.
Micro syndrome
Micro syndrome, formally Warburg micro syndrome (WARBM), is a rare autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder marked by congenital cataracts, microcephaly, severe intellectual disability, and progressive spasticity, caused by RAB18 pathway deficiency.
Micro-bioreactors
Micro-bioreactors are miniaturized cultivation vessels that run many parallel cell cultures with online monitoring and control, used in cell line development, strain screening, and early biopharmaceutical process development.
Micro-CT imaging
Micro-CT imaging, or microcomputed tomography, is an X-ray computed tomography technique producing quantitative 3D images of small specimens such as bone, soft tissue, and biomaterials, used mainly in preclinical research.
Micro-oligochaetes as fish food and test organisms
Micro-oligochaetes are small annelid worms, including Grindal worms, white worms, and Tubifex, cultured as live fish food and as standard test organisms in soil ecotoxicology.
Micro-ultrasound imaging
Micro-ultrasound imaging is a high-frequency ultrasound technique that images living tissue at resolutions near histology's scale, resolving structures as small as 70 µm and used chiefly to detect prostate tumors.
Microalbuminuria
Microalbuminuria: urinary albumin excretion of 20–200 μg/min or 30–300 mg/24 h, below dipstick detection; term coined 1981 (Viberti, Parving, Svendsen), now replaced by KDIGO A2 moderately increased albuminuria (ACR 30–300 mg/g), a kidney and cardiovascular risk marker in diabetes.
Microangiography
Microangiography is an X-ray imaging technique that visualizes very small blood vessels, typically arterioles of 20 to 200 µm, using radiopaque contrast agents and high-resolution detection.
Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) is nonimmune hemolytic anemia in which red blood cells fragment while passing through diseased small blood vessels, producing schistocytes on the blood film.
Microangiopathy
Microangiopathy: disease of small blood vessels (arterioles, capillaries, venules). Covers diabetic microangiopathy (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and thrombotic microangiopathy (TTP, HUS), plus cerebral small-vessel disease.
Microarray analysis
Microarray analysis, also called microarray technology, is a laboratory and computational method measuring thousands of nucleic acid sequences via hybridization to immobilized probes, used chiefly for gene expression profiling.
Microbacterium
Microbacterium, a genus of high G+C Gram-positive actinobacteria (family Microbacteriaceae, type species M. lacticum, Orla-Jensen 1919) with over 110 species from soil, food, clinical, and space station sources.
Microbial biotechnology
Microbial biotechnology is the branch of applied microbiology that uses bacteria, fungi, archaea, and microalgae for industrial, environmental, agricultural, and medical purposes, spanning fermentation, metabolic engineering, bioremediation, and microbiome products; the same name denotes a Wiley open-access journal launched in 2008.
Microbial Colony Count
Microbial colony count estimates viable microorganisms as colony-forming units by pour plate, spread plate, membrane filtration, spiral plate, or MPN methods, with Poisson-based countable ranges such as 15-300 colonies per plate in FDA BAM and ISO standards.
Microbial Consortia
Microbial consortia are groups of microorganisms sharing metabolic interdependence, also called microbial consortium or SynComs. Members interact through mutualism, commensalism, competition, and other modes, enabling applications in bioremediation, bioenergy, agriculture, and wastewater treatment, with stability and scale-up as key challenges.
Microbial fuel cell
Microbial fuel cell (MFC): a bioelectrochemical device in which bacteria oxidize organic matter, such as wastewater, at an anode to generate direct electricity at the cathode; used for wastewater treatment, biosensors, and remote power, with power densities of 0.2 to 4.3 W/m2 but limited commercialization.
Microbial Interactions
Microbial interactions are ecological relationships among microorganisms, spanning mutualism, commensalism, predation, amensalism, and competition, studied through co-culture experiments, co-occurrence networks, and dynamic models like generalized Lotka-Volterra.
Microbial loop
Microbial loop: aquatic trophic pathway coined by Azam et al. (1983) in which dissolved organic matter is taken up by bacteria, grazed by flagellates and ciliates, and returned to the classical food chain; includes the viral shunt.
Microbial mat
A microbial mat is a layered sheet of bacteria and archaea growing on sediments in shallow waters, forming fossils called stromatolites almost 3.5 billion years old.
Microbial oxidation of sulfur
Microbial oxidation of sulfur is the set of metabolic processes by which bacteria and archaea obtain energy from oxidizing reduced inorganic sulfur compounds, mainly sulfide and thiosulfate, typically to sulfate.
Microbial pathogenesis
Microbial pathogenesis is the process by which bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites invade host tissues and cause disease, and the research field studying these mechanisms.
Microbial physiology
Microbial physiology: the study of how microorganisms function, covering growth, energy metabolism, biosynthesis, metabolic regulation, and stress responses in bacteria, archaea, yeasts, and fungi; also the name of a Karger journal (ISSN 2673-1665) continuing the Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology since 2020.
Microbial protease (unspecified)
Microbial protease (unspecified): generic term for protein-degrading enzymes from bacteria or fungi such as Bacillus and Aspergillus, spanning serine, cysteine, aspartic, and metalloprotease classes; used in detergents, food processing, and hydrolysates; many are GRAS.
Microbial terpene synthases
Microbial terpene synthases are bacterial and fungal enzymes that turn substrates such as farnesyl diphosphate and geranyl diphosphate into volatile terpenes, giving soil its earthy smell.
Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases
Topical microbicides for STDs: vaginal or rectal gels and rings to prevent HIV and other STIs; dapivirine ring cuts HIV risk about 29%, tenofovir gel unconfirmed, nonoxynol-9 harmful.