72,234 articles
Microdermabrasion
Microdermabrasion is a cosmetic skin procedure that exfoliates the outermost skin layer with abrasive crystals or a diamond-tipped handpiece, treating photodamage, melasma, fine lines, and acne scars.
Microdialysis
Microdialysis is a sampling technique in which a semipermeable-membrane probe implanted in living tissue collects small soluble molecules from extracellular fluid for chemical analysis, mimicking a capillary.
Microdiscectomy
Microdiscectomy is a surgical procedure that removes herniated lumbar disc material pressing on spinal nerve roots, through a small incision with an operating microscope, to relieve leg pain.
Microdissection
Microdissection is a laboratory technique that uses a microscope to isolate specific cells or tissue regions from a section for DNA, RNA, or protein analysis.
Microdissection testicular sperm extraction
Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) is a microsurgical procedure, introduced by P. N. Schlegel in 1999, that retrieves sperm for ICSI in men with non-obstructive azoospermia.
Microdontinae
Microdontinae is a mainly tropical subfamily of about 454 hoverfly species, commonly called ant flies, whose larvae live inside ant nests and prey on ant brood.
Microdosimetric kinetic model
The microdosimetric kinetic (MK) model is a radiobiological model predicting cell survival and RBE for ion beams, introduced by Roland Hawkins in 1996 and used in Japanese carbon-ion therapy planning.
Microdosing
Microdosing: taking subperceptual intermittent doses of psychedelics (LSD, psilocybin) for mood or cognition, or phase 0 subpharmacologic drug testing (1/100 dose, 100 µg max) in humans.
Microelectrode array
A microelectrode array (MEA), or multielectrode array, is a device with many microelectrodes on one substrate that record or stimulate neurons, in cell cultures or implanted in living tissue.
Microelectrode recording
Microelectrode recording (MER) is a neurosurgical technique that records single-neuron electrical activity to locate deep brain stimulation targets such as the subthalamic nucleus by their firing signatures.
Microelectrodes
Microelectrodes are micrometer-scale electrodes for recording or stimulating individual cells, chiefly glass micropipettes, metal, and solid-state types; developed from Barber's micropipettes through Graham and Gerard to modern high-density neural and cardiac arrays.
Microendoscopy
Microendoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic technique that passes miniaturized optical probes into the body to image living tissue at the cellular level, enabling targeted biopsies.
Microfibril-associated glycoprotein
Microfibril-associated glycoproteins (MAGP-1/MFAP2, MAGP-2/MFAP5) are small cysteine-rich ECM proteins covalently attached to fibrillin microfibrils, binding active TGFβ and BMPs, and linked to aneurysm and metabolic disease.
Microfilament
Microfilament, also called actin filament or F-actin: ~7 nm cytoskeletal filament of two actin protofilaments in a right-handed helix; treadmilling, ATP-driven assembly, nucleators like Arp2/3 and formins, roles in motility and cytokinesis.
Microfilaria
Microfilaria: first-stage larva of filarial nematodes (Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia, Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus) circulating in blood or skin, showing nocturnal periodicity, detected by blood film or skin snip microscopy.
Microfluidic cell culture
Microfluidic cell culture is a bench technique that grows cells in microscale channels, controlling perfusion, chemical gradients, and mechanical forces beyond what Petri dishes and well plates can.
Microfluidic model
A microfluidic model is a bench biology method in which miniature tissues are cultured in microfluidic chips whose channels, flow, and gradients control the cells' microenvironment, best known as the organ-on-a-chip.
Microform holoprosencephaly
Microform holoprosencephaly (microform HPE, HPE minor form) is the mildest holoprosencephaly-spectrum condition: subtle midline facial anomalies such as hypotelorism and single maxillary incisor with normal brain imaging, and a recurrence risk for classic HPE in offspring.
Microglia
Microglia are the resident macrophages and innate immune cells of the CNS parenchyma, discovered by Pío del Río-Hortega in 1918, of yolk sac origin, about 10–15% of glial cells, with diverse disease-associated states beyond the obsolete M1/M2 scheme.
Micrognathia
Micrognathia (mandibular hypoplasia, ICD-11 DA0E.00) is an abnormally small lower jaw causing infant feeding and breathing problems, linked to syndromes like Pierre Robin, and treated with MDO surgery.
Microgreen
Microgreens: young edible vegetable and herb seedlings harvested 7–14 days after planting at the first true leaf stage, 2–8 cm tall, nutrient-dense versus mature greens, eaten raw, with Salmonella and Listeria recall history.
Microhyla
Microhyla, genus of narrow-mouthed frogs (Microhylidae) described by Tschudi in 1838; 55 recognized species across South and Southeast Asia to Japan, tiny terrestrial frogs with cryptic diversity and phytotelm-breeding miniaturized species.
Microhylidae
Microhylidae, the narrow-mouthed frogs, is a globally distributed frog family with 778 species in 59 genera and 12 subfamilies, centered in Madagascar, New Guinea, and Southeast Asia, diagnosed mainly by larval characters.
Microinjection
Microinjection is a laboratory technique that uses a fine glass needle, guided by a micromanipulator under a microscope, to inject DNA, RNA, or proteins into a living cell.
Microlissencephaly
Microlissencephaly (MLIS), increasingly called microcephaly with lissencephaly, is a rare, genetically heterogeneous disorder combining lissencephaly with severe congenital microcephaly, presenting in newborns with seizures, spasticity, and severe developmental delay.
Micromanipulation
Micromanipulation is a laboratory technique using fine glass microtools on remotely controlled arms under a microscope to handle individual cells and embryos, central to assisted reproduction, cloning, and single-cell biology.
Micromesistius poutassou
Micromesistius poutassou, blue whiting (bacaladilla, merlan bleu), a small mesopelagic gadid of the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean; dense-schooling plankton feeder supporting a major pelagic fishery with 2026 ICES advice of 851,344 tonnes.
Micromonospora
Micromonospora, a genus of high G+C Gram-positive actinobacteria (family Micromonosporaceae) proposed by Ørskov in 1923; single-spored soil and endophytic bacteria, source of gentamicin and hundreds of bioactive secondary metabolites.
Microneedle drug delivery
Microneedle drug delivery administers medications through arrays of microscopic needles that cross the skin's outer barrier with little or no pain, and includes solid, coated, dissolving, hollow, and hydrogel-forming devices.
Microneedling
Microneedling, also known as collagen induction therapy, is a minimally invasive dermatologic procedure that uses fine needles to trigger new collagen for treating scars and wrinkles.