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Monotropa
Monotropa (ghost pipe, Indian pipe, pinesap) is a genus of four accepted achlorophyllous mycoheterotrophic herbs in Ericaceae, native from the subarctic and temperate Northern Hemisphere to Colombia, feeding via monotropoid mycorrhizas with Russulaceae or Tricholoma fungi and pollinated mainly by Bombus bumblebees.
Monotropa uniflora
Monotropa uniflora, ghost pipe or Indian pipe (shui jing lan), is a white chlorophyll-free Ericaceae herb parasitizing Russulaceae mycorrhizal fungi linked to trees, native from Canada to Mexico and East Asia, with a ~46 kb reduced plastome.
Monotypic archaeal genera
Monotypic archaeal genera are genera of archaea containing exactly one described species. Database counts disagree sharply, listing 129 to 2,769 archaeal genera depending on the authority.
Monotypic higher-rank archaeal taxa
Monotypic higher-rank archaeal taxa are archaeal families, orders, classes, or phyla with a single described member lineage, exemplified by Promethearchaeota, established in 2024 from the first cultured Asgard archaeon.
Monoubiquitination and atypical ubiquitin modification
Monoubiquitination is the attachment of a single ubiquitin protein to a substrate, a mostly non-degradative signal regulating endocytosis, DNA repair, histone function, and membrane trafficking.
Monounsaturated fat
Monounsaturated fat, often abbreviated MUFA, is dietary fat with exactly one double bond in its fatty acids, found mainly in olive oil, nuts, and avocados.
Monovalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine type 1
Monovalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine type 1 (mOPV1) is a live attenuated Sabin type 1 oral polio vaccine, licensed from 2005, giving about 81% per-dose seroconversion versus 30-40% for trivalent OPV and used in mass campaigns against type 1 polio.
Monovalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine type 2
Monovalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine type 2 (mOPV2), e.g., Polio Sabin Mono Two, is a live attenuated Sabin type 2 oral polio vaccine reserved for cVDPV2 outbreak response after the 2016 tOPV-to-bOPV switch, stockpiled under WHO Director-General release control and now replaced by nOPV2.
Monovalent type 1 Oral Poliomyelitis vaccine, IP
Monovalent type 1 Oral Poliomyelitis vaccine, IP (mOPV1) is a live attenuated Sabin type 1 oral polio vaccine made by Haffkine, India, WHO-prequalified since 2009, used mainly in mass campaigns against type 1 poliovirus.
Mons pubis
Mons pubis (mons veneris): rounded fatty eminence over the pubic bone, the most anterior part of the female external genitalia; hair-bearing after puberty, cushions intercourse, and may be reduced surgically by monsplasty.
Monsanto
Monsanto Company, St. Louis agrochemical and seed firm, made Roundup (glyphosate, 1974) and Roundup Ready and Bt biotech traits; acquired by Bayer June 7, 2018 for $63 billion including debt, brand retired, followed by massive Roundup litigation.
Monstera
Monstera is a genus of evergreen climbing plants in the arum family, native from Mexico to tropical America, known for large perforated leaves behind the name Swiss cheese plant.
Monstera deliciosa
Monstera deliciosa (Swiss-cheese plant, ceriman, tarovine) is a hemiepiphytic Araceae vine native to southern Mexico to Guatemala, grown for fenestrated leaves and edible ripe fruit; toxic unripe parts, high invasion risk in Florida.
Monstrilloida
Monstrilloida is an order of parasitic copepods whose juveniles live inside benthic marine invertebrates, while the non-feeding adults lack mouthparts and swim freely in the plankton.
Montane and alpine fern ecology
Montane and alpine fern ecology is the study of how elevation filters ferns, whose richness peaks in humid mid-elevation cloud forests and falls toward cold summits.
Montastraea annularis
Montastraea annularis (boulder star coral; now Orbicella annularis) is a massive Caribbean reef-building coral, head of a three-sibling-species complex with M. faveolata and M. franksi, defined by columnar colonies, small 2.5 mm calices, slow growth, mass spawning, and Pliocene origin.
Montastraea cavernosa
Montastraea cavernosa, great star coral, a massive Atlantic stony coral from Bermuda to Brazil and Mexico to Gabon; only species of Montastraeidae; gonochoric broadcast spawner; IUCN Least Concern.
Montastraea faveolata
Montastraea faveolata, now Orbicella faveolata, the mountainous star coral, is a massive Caribbean reef-building stony coral, IUCN Endangered and ESA-listed, growing about 1 cm per year.
Monte M. Winslow
Monte M. Winslow, also published as Monte Winslow, is a cancer biologist and Associate Professor of Genetics and of Pathology at Stanford University School of Medicine.
Monte Westerfield
Monte Westerfield is an American developmental neurobiologist and Professor Emeritus at the University of Oregon who founded ZFIN, the zebrafish database, in 1994 and studies Usher syndrome.
Montefiore Medical Center
Montefiore Medical Center is a non-profit acute care hospital in the Bronx, New York, and the teaching hospital of Albert Einstein College of Medicine since 1963.
Montelukast
Montelukast (Singulair) is an oral leukotriene receptor antagonist for asthma, allergic rhinitis, and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, first FDA-approved in 1998 and given a 2020 Boxed Warning for neuropsychiatric events.
Monteplase
Monteplase (Cleactor, E6010) is a recombinant mutant tissue-type plasminogen activator thrombolytic with a Cys84Ser mutation, approved in Japan in 2005 for acute pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction, distinct from alteplase and tenecteplase.
Monteverde Butterfly Gardens
Monteverde Butterfly Gardens (Jardín de Mariposas Monteverde) is an insectarium and live butterfly exhibit in Cerro Plano, Monteverde, Costa Rica, founded in the 1990s, with up to 30 butterfly species in four habitats, guided daily tours, and a leaf-cutter ant colony.
Montgomery Slatkin
Montgomery Slatkin is an American theoretical population geneticist, Professor Emeritus at UC Berkeley, named by the Nobel Committee as a critical contributor to the Neanderthal genome analysis.
Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale
The Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a ten-item, clinician-rated interview measuring depression severity on a 0–60 scale. Designed by Montgomery and Åsberg in 1979, it is the standard endpoint in antidepressant trials.
Monticola
Monticola (rock-thrushes), genus of 13 Old World passerine species in Muscicapidae, named by F. Boie in 1822; includes Blue Rock-Thrush, Cape and Sentinel Rock Thrushes; arose about 5.5 million years ago.
Montifringilla
Montifringilla (snowfinches) is a genus of Passeridae sparrows of high Eurasian mountains, named by Brehm in 1828; distinct from the brambling Fringilla montifringilla, a Fringillidae finch.
Monto Ho
Monto Ho (何曼德) was a Chinese-born American infectious-disease physician and virologist at the University of Pittsburgh, known for research on interferon and cytomegalovirus infections in transplant recipients.
Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a 10-minute cognitive screening test developed by Ziad Nasreddine in 1996, published 2005; detects mild cognitive impairment, cutoff below 26/30, more sensitive than MMSE, education-adjusted cutoffs vary widely.