Life and health

Carp

Carp: freshwater cyprinid fishes, chiefly the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the oldest domesticated farmed fish, native to Eurasia, plus invasive Asian carps (grass, silver, bighead, black) in North America.

Carp edema virus

Carp edema virus (CEV), also called koi sleepy disease agent, is an unclassified dsDNA poxvirus infecting common carp and koi gills; first found in Japan in 1974, now widespread, with 80–100% mortality and no specific treatment.

Carpal bones

Carpal bones (carpus): the eight wrist bones in two rows, proximal scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform and distal trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate, linking forearm to metacarpals and forming the carpal tunnel.

Carpal tunnel

Carpal tunnel, also called carpal tunnel syndrome or median nerve entrapment, is an osteofibrous wrist canal carrying the median nerve and nine flexor tendons; nerve compression there causes numbness, first described by Paget in 1854 and treated by ligament release.

Carpal tunnel surgery

Carpal tunnel surgery (carpal tunnel release) divides the transverse carpal ligament to decompress the median nerve. Open, mini-open, and endoscopic techniques show similar long-term outcomes; endoscopic release returns patients to work about 7 to 9 days earlier.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (median nerve entrapment) is compression of the median nerve at the wrist causing thumb, index, and middle finger numbness; diagnosed with CTS-6, treated with splinting, steroid injection, or carpal tunnel release.

Sep 29, 2026

Carpectomy

Carpectomy is a wrist operation that removes one or more carpal bones, most often the entire proximal row, to relieve pain in advanced wrist arthritis while preserving motion.

Carpenter ant

Carpenter ant (Camponotus spp.), large polymorphic wood-nesting ant of subfamily Formicinae. Excavates smooth galleries in moist, decayed wood without eating it, forms main and satellite colonies, feeds on insects and honeydew, and is a major structural pest.

Carpenter bee

Carpenter bee: wood-nesting bees, chiefly the large genus Xylocopa (also small Ceratina), found on all continents. Shiny hairless abdomen distinguishes them from bumble bees; females bore half-inch nest galleries in softwood, males cannot sting, and they buzz-pollinate tomato and eggplant.

Carpenter syndrome

Carpenter syndrome, or acrocephalopolysyndactyly type II, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder first described in 1901, combining premature skull bone fusion with extra and fused fingers and toes.

Carphenazine

Carphenazine (carfenazine), a piperazine phenothiazine antipsychotic (C24H31N3O2S, CAS 2622-30-2), was used orally for schizophrenia in hospitalized patients, marketed as Proketazine maleate; now discontinued, targeting DRD2, HTR2A, HTR2C.

Carpinus betulus

Carpinus betulus, the European hornbeam, a Betulaceae tree native from Europe to Iran; dense hard wood, coppiced for firewood, used as hedge and shade tree, tolerant of wet clay soils and shade.

Carpometacarpal joint

Carpometacarpal joint, especially the first (trapeziometacarpal) thumb joint: a saddle joint enabling opposition and pinch, highly loaded, prone to osteoarthritis in postmenopausal women, treated with splints, exercises, trapeziectomy, or arthroplasty.

Carprofen

Carprofen (Rimadyl and generics) is a propionic acid class NSAID, 6-chloro-alpha-methyl-9H-carbazole-2-acetic acid, approved for dogs only for osteoarthritis and postoperative pain; ~8 h half-life, liver-metabolized, ~2 adverse events per 1,000 dogs.

Carpropamide

Carpropamide (carpropamid, KTU 3616) is a cyclopropanecarboxamide rice fungicide, C15H18Cl3NO, inhibiting scytalone dehydratase (MBI-D, FRAC 16.2) against rice blast; used in Japan since 1998, resistance via V75M mutation, not EU-approved.

Carrie Reed

Carrie Reed is an American infectious-disease epidemiologist at the CDC Influenza Division who estimates the true burden of influenza and respiratory viruses, correcting surveillance counts for under-detection.

Carrier State

The carrier state is harboring an infective organism without symptoms of infection while the organism stays transmissible; asymptomatic, incubatory, convalescent, and chronic carriers are recognized types.

Sep 29, 2026

Carrier testing

Carrier testing is a genetic test that identifies carriers of one recessive or X-linked disease variant and estimates the risk of an affected child, ideally before conception.

Carrimycin

Carrimycin (可利霉素, Bite, formerly bitespiramycin) is a Chinese 16-membered macrolide antibiotic made by synthetic biology, approved by NMPA on 24 June 2019 for respiratory infections.

Carrion

Carrion is dead animal matter, from whole carcasses to detached tissues, consumed by scavengers and decomposers. Also called dead animal biomass; underpins faunal succession, food-web nutrient recycling, and forensic postmortem interval estimation.

Carrion crow

Carrion crow (Corvus corone), an all-black European corvid; hooded crow (Corvus cornix) is its separate sister species with a fertile hybrid zone. About 1.1 million UK territories, 15% increase 1995–2024, known for tool-learning and nut-cracking with cars in Japan.

Carrolee Barlow

Carrolee Barlow is an American physician-scientist in neuroscience known for creating a mouse model of ataxia telangiectasia and for research linking oxidative-stress enzymes to anxiety.

Carroll M. Leevy

Carroll M. Leevy (1920–2007) was an American hepatologist who researched alcoholic liver disease, chaired medicine at New Jersey Medical School, and led the liver study associations.

Carroll Williams

Carroll Milton Williams (1916–1991) was an American zoologist and entomologist at Harvard who showed how hormones control insect growth, work that led to hormone-based insecticides.

Carrot

Carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus), a root vegetable domesticated in Central Asia around 900 CE, originally purple and yellow; orange carrots arose in 16th-17th century Europe from yellow carrots and now dominate, supplying 30% of US dietary vitamin A.

Carrot fiber

Carrot fiber, dietary fiber from carrots and carrot juice pomace (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin), used as a GRAS ingredient (GRN 116) in bakery and meat products and studied for laxation and glucose effects.

Carrying capacity

Carrying capacity (K) is the maximum population an environment can sustain given finite resources, from Verhulst's 1838 logistic growth model. Used in fisheries, wildlife, and human ecology; estimates of Earth's human K range widely, and a 2025 study says it is already exceeded.