72,234 articles
CASABLANCA study
CASABLANCA (Catheter Sampled Blood Archive in Cardiovascular Diseases), NCT00842868: prospective single-center biomarker study of 1251 angiography patients at Massachusetts General Hospital, 2008-2011, predicting cardiovascular, neurologic, and renal complications.
Cascabela thevetia
Cascabela thevetia, yellow oleander (syn. Thevetia peruviana), is a toxic Apocynaceae shrub native from Mexico to South America, containing digoxin-like cardiac glycosides such as thevetin A and B, and a frequent agent of self-poisoning in India and Sri Lanka.
Cascade testing
Cascade testing, also called cascade screening, is a genetic epidemiology strategy in which relatives of a person with a pathogenic variant are informed and offered targeted testing.
Case fatality rate
The case fatality rate (CFR), or case fatality risk, is the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it, used to measure disease severity.
Case Management
Case management, or care coordination, is a health and social care intervention in which a case manager assesses needs, plans and arranges services, monitors delivery, and advocates for clients with complex conditions; practiced by nurses and social workers under CMSA, ACMA, and NASW standards.
Case Managers
Case managers coordinate health and social care for high-risk patients through assessment, care planning, and advocacy. Evidence shows improved satisfaction and guideline adherence but no clear reduction in hospital use, costs, or mortality.
Case-cohort study
A case-cohort study is an epidemiological design in which a random subcohort sampled at baseline is compared with all cohort cases, allowing efficient hazard-ratio estimation in large cohorts.
Case-crossover design
The case-crossover design is an epidemiological study design in which each person experiencing an acute event serves as their own control, comparing recent transient exposure with their usual exposure.
Case-crossover study
A case-crossover study is an epidemiological design where each subject serves as their own control, comparing exposures just before an acute event with exposures at other times.
Case–control study
Case–control study: an observational epidemiologic design comparing people with a disease (cases) against controls, examining past exposures; measured by the odds ratio, efficient for rare outcomes, central to the 1950 smoking–lung cancer studies.
Casearia
Casearia (Jacq., 1760) is a pantropical genus of about 200-250 Salicaceae trees and shrubs, half Neotropical, with pellucid-dotted leaves, apetalous axillary flowers, and arillate seeds; South American origin, late Eocene diversification.
Casein kinase substrate, phosphoprotein PP28
Casein kinase substrate, phosphoprotein PP28 (Pfam PF10252, InterPro IPR019380) is a conserved ~70-residue eukaryotic protein domain in 28-kDa heat- and acid-stable phosphoproteins phosphorylated by casein kinase II and PKA; human representative PDAP1. Distinct from HCMV pp28.
Caseous necrosis
Caseous necrosis: cheese-like tissue death at the center of granulomas, classically in tuberculosis but also fungal infections, syphilis, and other conditions; gross term, not microscopic.
Casey H. Halpern
Casey H. Halpern is an American neurosurgeon who is Chief of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery at the University of Pennsylvania, known for responsive deep brain stimulation.
Casey Means
Casey Means (born 1987) is a Stanford-trained physician, Levels co-founder, and co-author of the 2024 bestseller Good Energy; Trump nominated her as Surgeon General in 2025 but withdrew the stalled nomination in April 2026.
Casey Taylor
Casey Overby Taylor is an American biomedical informatics researcher and associate professor at Johns Hopkins University whose research brings genomic medicine into routine clinical care, and who received the 2025 PECASE award.
Casey Weaver
Casey T. Weaver is an American immunologist at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2022 for defining the TH17 T helper cell subset.
Cash crop
Cash crop: an agricultural crop grown for sale and profit rather than on-farm use, spanning coffee, cocoa, cotton, tobacco, sugar; tied to colonial plantations, Africa's 1890–1930 export boom, and food security trade-offs.
CASH trial
CASH (Children Active to Stay Healthy), NCT01821313, was a completed Nationwide Children's Hospital randomized trial comparing six weeks of high-intensity interval exercise versus moderate cycling in 34 sedentary adolescents with obesity, measuring inflammation and endothelial function.
Cashew
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale), tropical Anacardiaceae tree from northeastern Brazil; grown for kidney-shaped nut kernels and cashew apple; shell contains caustic CNSL; West Africa leads raw production, Vietnam leads processing.
Cashmere goat
Cashmere goat: any domestic goat (Capra hircus) growing a fine undercoat under 19 microns, harvested as cashmere or pashmina; not one breed. Key facts: seasonal photoperiod-driven growth, Chinese and Mongolian production dominance, rangeland degradation, and certification standards.
Casimersen
Casimersen (Amondys 45) is a phosphorodiamidate morpholino antisense oligomer that skips exon 45 of the DMD pre-mRNA; FDA accelerated approval February 25, 2021, for exon 45-amenable Duchenne muscular dystrophy, dosed 30 mg/kg weekly intravenously.
Casimir A. Kulikowski
Casimir A. Kulikowski is a Board of Governors Professor of Computer Science at Rutgers University and a pioneer of artificial intelligence in medicine and biomedical informatics.
Casimir Funk
Casimir Funk (Kazimierz Funk, 1884–1967), Polish-born biochemist at the Lister Institute, London, who coined "vitamine" in 1912 and proposed beriberi, scurvy, rickets, and pellagra as deficiency diseases; father of the vitamin concept.
Casopitant
Casopitant, development code GW679769 and proposed brand name Zunrisa, is an NK1 receptor antagonist developed by GlaxoSmithKline against nausea and vomiting; its European marketing application was withdrawn in 2009 over safety data needs.
CASP1
CASP1, also called ICE or interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme, is the human gene at 11q22.3 encoding caspase-1, the inflammasome-activated protease that matures IL-1β and IL-18 and cleaves GSDMD to trigger pyroptosis.
CASP10
CASP10 (MCH4, FLICE2, ALPS2) is the human gene at 2q33.1 encoding caspase-10, an initiator caspase of death receptor apoptosis activated by dimerization; mutations cause ALPS type IIA, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and gastric cancer, and the gene is absent in rodents.
CASP2
CASP2 (caspase 2, formerly ICH-1/NEDD-2) is the human gene for caspase-2, the most evolutionarily conserved caspase, activated by dimerization via the PIDDosome, with roles in cell cycle control and tumor suppression.
CASP4
CASP4 (caspase 4, ICH-2, TX) is a human chromosome 11q22.3 gene encoding the inflammatory caspase-4, an intracellular LPS sensor of the non-canonical inflammasome that cleaves gasdermin D to trigger pyroptosis.
CASP6
CASP6 (caspase 6, MCH2) is the human gene encoding caspase-6, an executioner caspase of apoptosis with atypical substrate specificity resembling initiator caspases, self-activation, lamin A/C cleavage, and roles in Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease.