72,234 articles
Cheryl R. Blanchard
Cheryl R. Blanchard is an American bioengineer and medical-device executive elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2015, later CEO of Microchips Biotech and Anika Therapeutics.
Cheryl Y. Hayashi
Cheryl Y. Hayashi is an American biologist who studies spider silks, determined the first full-length silk gene sequences, showed the orb web had a single ancient origin, and won a 2007 MacArthur Fellowship.
Cheryll Tickle
Cheryll Tickle, born in 1945, is a British developmental biologist known for research on limb development in the chick embryo and a Fellow of the Royal Society.
Chesapeake Bay Retriever
Chesapeake Bay Retriever (Chessie), an American waterfowl retriever from two St. John's Water Dogs, Sailor and Canton, rescued from an 1807 Maryland shipwreck; AKC-recognized 1888, waterproof oily coat, brown/sedge/deadgrass colors, Maryland state dog since 1964.
Chest CT
Chest CT is a cross-sectional imaging method that shows lungs and chest structures in more detail than a chest X-ray, commonly used in emergency settings.
Chest hair
Chest hair: terminal body hair growing on the male chest after puberty under DHT stimulation; a secondary sex trait varying by ethnicity, studied in Caucasian and Chinese men, and commonly removed by shaving or waxing.
Chest pain
Chest pain: pain or discomfort in the anterior chest prompting cardiac concern; also called angina when ischemic. Second most common US ED complaint; evaluated via ECG, troponin, HEART/EDACS scores, and CCTA.
Chest pain on breathing
Chest pain on breathing (pleuritic chest pain, ICD-11 MD30.0) is sharp pain worsening with deep breaths, caused by parietal pleura inflammation; pulmonary embolism is the most common life-threatening cause, viral infection the most common benign one.
Chest radiograph
Chest radiograph (chest X-ray, CXR): the most commonly performed diagnostic X-ray exam, imaging heart, lungs, airways, and chest bones with a small radiation dose, typically PA plus lateral views in about 15 minutes, used for pneumonia, heart failure, and lung cancer.
Chest tube
Chest tube (thoracostomy tube): flexible tube drained into the pleural space to remove air or fluid in pneumothorax, effusion, empyema, hemothorax; sizes in French units, triangle-of-safety insertion, pigtail vs large-bore evidence.
Chest wall reconstruction
Chest wall reconstruction is the surgical restoration of skeletal stability, airtight closure, and soft-tissue coverage of the chest wall after tumor resection, trauma, infection, or correction of congenital defects.
Chest wall resection
Chest wall resection is the removal of a full-thickness portion of the chest wall, including muscle and bone, performed mainly for tumors and followed by reconstruction.
Chester A. Alper
Chester A. Alper (1931–2024) was an American immunologist and pediatrician at Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital who pioneered complement genetics and the study of extended haplotypes in the MHC.
Chester Hamlin Werkman
Chester Hamlin Werkman (1893–1962) was an American microbiologist at Iowa State College who, with Harland G. Wood, demonstrated carbon dioxide fixation by organisms lacking chlorophyll, the Wood–Werkman reaction.
Chester M. Jones
Chester M. Jones (1891–1972) was an American gastroenterologist at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, known for his 1961 paper framing Whipple's disease, until then almost uniformly fatal, as reversible.
Chestnut
Chestnut, genus Castanea: nut trees of Asia, Europe, and North America. Covers the four main species, nutrition, cultivation, the 1904 chestnut blight that killed 3-4 billion American chestnuts, and restoration breeding.
Chestnut (horse anatomy)
Chestnut (horse anatomy): a keratinized callus on the inner leg of horses, also called night eyes, a vestige of lost toes; unique per animal, absent from donkey hind limbs, and histologically hyperkeratotic skin without hair follicles or glands.
Chestnut blight
Chestnut blight, caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, is a bark canker disease introduced from East Asia in 1904 that killed about 4 billion American chestnut trees; hypovirulence and transgenic Darling 54 now support restoration.
Chetan T. Goudar
Chetan T. Goudar is a bioprocess engineer who leads Amgen's Manufacturing & Clinical Supply function in Thousand Oaks, California, and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2026.
Chevalier Jackson
Chevalier Jackson (1865–1958) was an American otolaryngologist called the father of endoscopic surgery, who extracted swallowed objects without open surgery and won the Federal Caustic Poison Act of 1927.
Chevron osteotomy
The chevron osteotomy is a V-shaped cut of the first metatarsal that shifts the bone's head sideways to correct hallux valgus, the bunion deformity, in mild to moderate cases.
Chevrotain
The chevrotain, also called the mouse-deer, is a small hornless ruminant of the family Tragulidae, the most ancient living ruminant lineage, with ten species in African and Asian forests.
Chewing
Chewing, or mastication, breaks food down in the mouth by grinding it with the teeth and jaws, while saliva moistens the particles and binds them into a swallowable bolus.
Cheyne–Stokes respiration
Cheyne–Stokes respiration (CSR), periodic breathing with crescendo–decrescendo hyperventilation alternating with central apnea, 45–90 second cycles; seen in 25–50% of heart failure patients, first described by Cheyne (1818) and Stokes (1854).
CHGA
CHGA (chromogranin A, CGA) is a human protein-coding gene at 14q32.12 encoding a 439-aa granin protein of neuroendocrine secretory vesicles, precursor of vasostatin, pancreastatin, catestatin, and other peptides, and a neuroendocrine tumor biomarker.
Chi Van Dang
Chi Van Dang, also known as Chi V. Dang, is a Vietnamese-born American cancer biologist known for showing how the MYC oncogene reprograms cancer cell metabolism.
Chi Wai Eric So
Chi Wai Eric So, also known as Chi Wai So, is a molecular biologist who studies acute leukemia and holds the chair in leukemia biology at King's College London.
Chi-Lun Chang
Chi-Lun Chang is a Taiwanese-born cell biologist who leads a laboratory at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, known for work on ER-to-Golgi transport and neuron-astrocyte lipid metabolism.
Chi‐yuan Hsu
Chi-yuan Hsu is a nephrologist and kidney-disease epidemiologist who has led the UCSF Division of Nephrology since 2007 and studies how reduced kidney function raises risks of death and cardiovascular events.
CHI3L1
CHI3L1 (YKL-40, chitinase-3-like protein 1) is a secreted glycoside hydrolase family 18 glycoprotein lacking chitinase activity; an inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer biomarker active in liver, gut, lung, and CNS disease.