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Chitons of New Zealand
The chitons of New Zealand are just over 60 chiton species in New Zealand waters, more than 8.5% of the world total, with the snakeskin chiton the most common.
Chitons of the Mediterranean and northeastern Atlantic
The chitons of the Mediterranean and northeastern Atlantic are hard-substrate grazing mollusks totaling 47 Mediterranean species in ten families, per the 2024 critical revision of the group.
Chitosan
Chitosan, a deacetylated form of chitin (poly-D-glucosamine copolymer), is a cationic polysaccharide from crustacean shells, soluble in dilute acids below pH 6.5, used in drug delivery, wound healing, food preservation, and agriculture.
Chitosan nanoparticles
Chitosan nanoparticles are drug-delivery particles, typically tens to hundreds of nanometers wide, made from chitosan, a positively charged polysaccharide derived from crustacean shells, studied for drug and gene delivery.
Chitosanase
Chitosanase (EC 3.2.1.132) is a glycosyl hydrolase from bacteria and fungi that cleaves beta-1,4 bonds in partially acetylated chitosan to make chitosan oligosaccharides; a Bacillus subtilis preparation holds GRAS status via FDA GRN 991.
Chitra
Chitra is a genus of giant narrow-headed softshell turtles (Trionychidae) of South and Southeast Asian rivers, with three species, C. indica, C. chitra, and C. vandijki, all endangered or critically endangered ambush predators.
Chives
Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) are a bulbous perennial Amaryllidaceae herb of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, grown for mild onion-flavored tubular leaves, with purple spring flowers and isoalliin-dominated flavor chemistry.
CHL-1
CHL-1 (CHL1, CVCL_1122) is a human amelanotic melanoma cell line from a 36-year-old woman's pleural effusion metastasis, a derivative of RPMI 7932, held as ATCC CRL-3619, with TP53, CDKN2A, MAPK3, and TERT promoter mutations.
Chlamydia
Chlamydia, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, is a common curable bacterial STI with about 128.5 million new infections in 2020; often asymptomatic, treatable with doxycycline, no vaccine exists.
Chlamydia (genus)
Chlamydia (genus Chlamydia, family Chlamydiaceae): gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria with a biphasic cycle of infectious elementary bodies and replicative reticulate bodies; includes human pathogens C. trachomatis, C. pneumoniae, and C. psittaci.
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular bacterium with a biphasic EB/RB developmental cycle, causes trachoma and the world's most common bacterial STI; treated with doxycycline, no vaccine exists.
Chlamydial conjunctivitis
Chlamydial conjunctivitis, or adult inclusion conjunctivitis, is a chronic follicular conjunctivitis caused by sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D-K; related neonatal and trachoma forms exist, treated with systemic azithromycin or doxycycline.
Chlamydial peritonitis
Chlamydial peritonitis (ICD-11 1C21; ICD-10-CM A74.81) is peritoneal infection by Chlamydia trachomatis, mostly in women via fallopian tube spread, causing pain, ascites, and high CA125 that mimics cancer or tuberculosis.
Chlamydomonas
Chlamydomonas, especially Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, is a unicellular biflagellate green alga and model organism for photosynthesis, cilia, and the eyespot, with a 17-chromosome haploid genome and wide use in genetics and algal biotechnology.
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii biomass
Dried biomass of the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (strain THN 6), a GRAS-recognized protein ingredient made by heterotrophic fermentation; distinct from spirulina and from the unapproved TAI114 strain.
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Chlamydia pneumoniae, TWAR agent) is an obligate intracellular bacterium causing mild pneumonia and bronchitis, about 10% of US pneumonia cases, diagnosed by PCR or microimmunofluorescence.
Chlamydophila psittaci
Chlamydophila psittaci, now called Chlamydia psittaci, is an intracellular bacterium that infects birds and causes psittacosis, a respiratory disease humans catch by inhaling dust from infected birds' droppings.
Chlamydospore
Chlamydospore: thick-walled asexual fungal resting spore derived from a hyphal cell, formed under stress; persists in soil (Fusarium over 17 years) and serves biocontrol formulations.
Chlamydotis
Chlamydotis is a genus of desert bustards (Otididae) with two Vulnerable species: the African houbara (C. undulata) of North Africa and the Canary Islands, and the Asian houbara or Macqueen's bustard (C. macqueenii) of Central and Southwest Asia, split from one species in 2014.
Chlamydotis undulata
Chlamydotis undulata, the African Houbara, is a Vulnerable North African and Canary Islands bustard, split as a separate species from the Asian Houbara C. macqueenii in 2014.
Chlamys (genus)
Chlamys (Röding, 1798) is a genus of scallops in the family Pectinidae, including the Iceland scallop C. islandica and C. farreri; many former subgenera are now separate genera, and species support fisheries in the North Atlantic and Pacific.
Chlidonias
Chlidonias (Rafinesque, 1822), the marsh terns or black terns, is a Laridae tern genus with four species: Black, Whiskered, White-winged, and Black-fronted Tern; the last is Endangered, and the others breed in freshwater marshes.
Chlobenthiazone
Chlobenthiazone (CAS 63755-05-5, EU ID 1072) is a synthetic benzothiazole rice fungicide controlling rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) by inhibiting fungal DHN-melanin biosynthesis; not approved in the EU, with a default MRL of 0.01 mg/kg.
Chloe Orkin
Chloe Orkin is a British infectious-diseases physician and HIV researcher at Queen Mary University of London who led the FLAIR trial of the first long-acting injectable HIV therapy.
Chloe Ting
Chloe Ting, Bruneian certified personal trainer and YouTube fitness creator (over 24M subscribers), known for free multi-week home workout challenges like the 2 Week Shred, the Core app, and 2020 Streamy Award.
Chlomethoxyfen
Chlomethoxyfen (chlomethoxynil, diphenex, X-52; CAS 32861-85-1) is a largely obsolete diphenyl ether pre-emergence herbicide once used in paddy rice, mainly in Japan, acting as a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor; not approved in the EU or UK.
Chlophedianol
Chlophedianol (clofedanol, SL-501) is a centrally acting, non-opioid OTC antitussive, C17H20ClNO, used for dry cough in US combination liquids like Ninjacof; mechanism poorly understood, few clinical trials.
Chloracne
Chloracne, also called MADISH, is a persistent acneform eruption caused by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, especially dioxin (TCDD), producing comedones, cysts, and nodules on cheeks, postauricular skin, axillae, and groin with a spared nose.
Chloral betaine
Chloral betaine (cloral betaine, Welldorm, Beta-Chlor) is a 1:1 chloral hydrate-betaine complex prodrug tablet hypnotic for short-term severe insomnia, 707 mg equal to 414 mg chloral hydrate, UK paediatric use restricted since 2021.
Chloral bis acylal
Chloral bis acylal (Chloral-bis-acylal), EU ID 523, is an acylal-class chemical once listed as an EU plant growth regulator active substance; it has no CAS number, was never approved, and carries a default MRL of 0.01 mg/kg.