72,234 articles
Clifton A. Poodry
Clifton A. Poodry is an American developmental geneticist and Tonawanda Seneca member who led minority research training at NIGMS from 1994 and later became an HHMI Senior Fellow.
Clifton Bogardus
Clifton Bogardus is an American diabetes and obesity researcher, Scientist Emeritus at NIH's Phoenix Epidemiology branch, known for Pima Indian studies showing insulin resistance predicts type 2 diabetes.
Clifton E. Barry
Clifton E. Barry III, full name Clifton Earl Barry, is an American tuberculosis researcher who chiefs NIAID's Tuberculosis Research Section and helped develop the drug pretomanid.
Clifton Watson Callaway
Clifton Watson Callaway is an American emergency physician and resuscitation scientist at the University of Pittsburgh, known for research on brain injury after cardiac arrest.
CLIgAN trial
CLIgAN (NCT 04662723; EudraCT 2021-006854-29) is a pair of AIFA-authorized, open-label randomized phase III trials in IgA nephropathy testing biopsy-stratified personalized therapy: ACIgAN (corticosteroids plus RASB) and CHRONIgAN (dapagliflozin plus RASB).
Climacograptus
Climacograptus is an extinct genus of colonial graptolites, planktonic hemichordates with collagenous skeletons, established by Hall in 1865 and staple to Ordovician graptolite zones used for dating marine strata.
Climatic droplet keratopathy
Climatic droplet keratopathy (CDK), also called Labrador keratopathy or spheroidal degeneration, is a rare acquired corneal degeneration from chronic UV and environmental exposure, causing golden subepithelial droplets, graded 1 to 3, treatable only by corneal transplantation.
Climatotherapy
Climatotherapy, or climate therapy, is the medical relocation of patients to favorable climates and use of coastal, mountain, or Dead Sea conditions. Modalities include aerotherapy, heliotherapy, and thalassotherapy, studied mainly for psoriasis, rheumatic, and respiratory diseases.
Clindamycin
Clindamycin, sold as Cleocin and Dalacin, is a lincosamide antibiotic derived from lincomycin, used since 1970 for serious anaerobic and Gram-positive infections and topically for acne.
Clinic
A clinic, or medical clinic, is a healthcare facility providing outpatient medical care, meaning examination, treatment, and advice without overnight admission, distinct from a hospital, which combines outpatient departments with inpatient beds.
Clinical Alarms
Clinical alarms: signals from medical devices such as physiologic monitors warning of patient changes or equipment faults. Defined by 80–99% false alarm rates, alarm fatigue, Joint Commission NPSG, and IEC 60601-1-8.
Clinical and translational science
Clinical and translational science is the field that turns laboratory discoveries into clinical and public health applications, organized as T1-T4 translation steps, supported by NIH NCATS and the CTSA program, and served by the journal CTS since 2008.
Clinical anophthalmos
Clinical anophthalmos is the apparent complete absence of one or both eyes at birth; most cases actually retain residual ocular tissue, making them extreme microphthalmos.
Clinical Audit
Clinical audit: a healthcare quality improvement cycle measuring care against explicit evidence-based standards, implementing change, and re-auditing. Formalized in the UK 1989 White Paper; distinct from quality improvement and research.
Clinical biochemistry
Clinical biochemistry (clinical chemistry, chemical pathology): laboratory discipline analyzing blood, urine, and CSF for metabolites, hormones, electrolytes, and enzymes; rooted in Wöhler's 1828 urea synthesis; central to diagnosis, monitoring, and evidence-based laboratory medicine.
Clinical breast examination
Clinical breast examination (CBE) is a physical exam in which a trained health provider inspects and palpates the breasts, nipples, and lymph nodes to detect lumps and other abnormalities.
Clinical cardiac electrophysiology
Clinical cardiac electrophysiology (CCEP) is the cardiology subspecialty treating heart rhythm disorders via EP studies, catheter ablation, and pacemakers/ICDs; began 1967, first ablation 1981, now includes pulsed field ablation and competency-based 2026 training standards.
Clinical cardiology
Clinical cardiology is the non-surgical medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, assessment, management, and prevention of heart and circulation disorders, including coronary disease and heart failure.
Clinical chemistry
Clinical chemistry: laboratory-medicine discipline measuring blood and urine analytes for diagnosis; roots in 19th-century medicine; US field organized by AACC/ADLM (founded 1948), whose flagship journal Clinical Chemistry (ISSN 0009-9147) launched 1955.
Clinical Chemistry Tests
Clinical chemistry tests measure analytes such as glucose, creatinine, and electrolytes in blood, urine, and other body fluids to assess health and organ function. Rooted in Wöhler's 1828 urea synthesis, the field uses reference intervals, quality standards, CLIA regulation, and traceability.
Clinical coding
Clinical coding, also known as medical coding, is the health information practice of translating patient-record diagnoses and procedures into standardized codes that drive hospital reimbursement and research.
Clinical Competence
Clinical competence is the capability to perform acceptably duties directly related to patient care (MeSH D002983). Assessed via OSCEs, workplace-based assessment, and CBME frameworks; structured by Miller's pyramid.
Clinical course and progression of ALS
The clinical course and progression of ALS covers how the disease begins, spreads, and is staged, with median survival of 2 to 4 years after symptom onset.
Clinical death
Clinical death is the reversible stage of dying after heartbeat and breathing stop, before brain cells irreversibly die; distinct from brain death. CPR and defibrillation can reverse it, rarely beyond 30 minutes except in hypothermia.
Clinical Dementia Rating
The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) is a clinician-rated scale that stages dementia severity from normal to severe across six cognitive and functional domains, introduced in 1982.
Clinical Enzyme Tests
Clinical enzyme tests are laboratory analyses measuring enzyme activity or levels in body fluids or tissues, used to assess disease risk, diagnose, and monitor disease.
Clinical Frailty Scale
The Clinical Frailty Scale is a 9-point bedside tool grading an older adult's frailty from very fit to terminally ill, developed in Canada and used in over 20 countries.
Clinical genetics
Clinical genetics: medical specialty for diagnosis, prevention, and management of genetic disorders via consultation, risk assessment, and counseling; established as a discipline in the 1950s.
Clinical Global Impression
Clinical Global Impression is a clinician-rated scale developed for NIMH-sponsored clinical trials. It records a rater's overall judgment of a patient's illness severity and change.
Clinical hyperandrogenism
Clinical hyperandrogenism (ICD-11 5A80.0) is the visible sign complex of androgen excess in women: hirsutism, acne, and androgenic alopecia. PCOS is the leading cause; virilization suggests tumor.