72,234 articles
Covalent flavinylation
Covalent flavinylation is the attachment of the flavin cofactors FAD or FMN to a protein amino acid through a covalent bond, found in about 10% of flavoproteins.
Covalent fragment screening
Covalent fragment screening is a drug discovery method that tests small electrophilic molecules for reactions with cysteine residues in proteins to find starting points for covalent drugs.
Covalent inhibitor discovery via chemoproteomics
Covalent inhibitor discovery via chemoproteomics is the use of mass spectrometry methods that profile interactions between electrophilic small molecules and proteins, identifying targets, discovering hits, and characterizing the selectivity of covalent drugs such as ibrutinib.
Covalent labeling
Covalent labeling is a structural biology method that irreversibly modifies solvent-accessible amino acid side chains in proteins, read out by mass spectrometry to map structure, conformational change, and interaction surfaces.
Covalent ligand screening
Covalent ligand screening is a drug-discovery and chemical-biology method testing electrophilic small-molecule libraries against proteins or proteomes to find compounds that bond specific amino acid residues.
Covaxin
Covaxin (BBV152) is India's first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine, a whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine by Bharat Biotech with ICMR, showing 78% efficacy and WHO Emergency Use Listing in November 2021.
Cover crop
A cover crop is a grass, legume, or forb planted to protect and improve soil between cash crops rather than to be harvested, reducing erosion and adding nutrients.
Cover test
The cover test is a clinical eye examination that detects ocular misalignment (strabismus) by alternately covering each eye and watching the uncovered eye, distinguishing manifest tropia from latent phoria.
COVID-19
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is the respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, first detected in Wuhan in December 2019; WHO declared a pandemic in March 2020 and ended the PHEIC in May 2023, with about 776.8 million recorded cases and 7 million deaths.
COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines
COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines were tiered stay-at-home restrictions imposed from March 2020, ranging from the strict Enhanced Community Quarantine to the Modified General Community Quarantine.
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
COVID-19 drug treatment covers antivirals (Paxlovid, remdesivir, molnupiravir), dexamethasone and tocilizumab for severe disease, monoclonal antibodies, and disproven drugs like hydroxychloroquine, with treatment started within 5-7 days of symptoms.
COVID-19 lab leak theory
COVID-19 lab leak theory: hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 escaped from a laboratory, chiefly the Wuhan Institute of Virology, rather than spilling over from animals; US agencies lean lab leak with low confidence, WHO SAGO favors zoonotic spillover, and the origin remains unproven.
COVID-19 lockdown in India
The COVID-19 lockdown in India was a nationwide stay-at-home order imposed on 25 March 2020 for an initial 21 days to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
COVID-19 lockdowns
COVID-19 lockdowns were government movement and contact restrictions used against SARS-CoV-2, beginning with Wuhan on 23 January 2020. Evidence on mortality benefits is mixed; economic costs were large, and timing mattered more than stringency.
COVID-19 misinformation
COVID-19 misinformation is false or misleading information about the COVID-19 pandemic, its virus SARS-CoV-2, and measures against them, spreading worldwide from early 2020 alongside the pandemic.
COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing
COVID-19 nucleic acid testing (NAAT, RT-PCR) detects SARS-CoV-2 RNA by amplification; the reference-standard diagnostic, pooled point-of-care sensitivity 92.8%, specificity 97.6%, more sensitive than antigen tests.
COVID-19 pandemic
COVID-19 pandemic: global spread of SARS-CoV-2 from Wuhan, China, in December 2019; WHO declared a PHEIC on January 30, 2020, and a pandemic on March 11, 2020, with over 7 million deaths reported worldwide.
COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory
Country-by-country record of COVID-19: WHO pandemic declaration 11 March 2020, 776.8M confirmed cases and 7M+ deaths across 234 countries, versus 14.8–18.2M estimated excess deaths for 2020–2021, with income-linked gaps in testing, vaccination, and reporting.
COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country
Country-level COVID-19 death rates, comparing reported COVID-19 deaths with excess mortality; WHO estimated 14.9 million excess deaths for 2020-21, 2.74 times reported deaths, with India, the US, and Russia highest.
COVID-19 pandemic deaths
COVID-19 pandemic deaths: about 7 million officially reported, but WHO estimates 14.9 million excess deaths for 2020-21, 2.74 times reported figures; IHME and The Economist estimate about 18 million.
COVID-19 pandemic in Australia
COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: national experience of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from 25 January 2020, marked by border closures, lockdowns and a suppression strategy, then a vaccination-led transition; nearly 12 million cases and 22,315 deaths by end 2023.
COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: first case 8 March 2020, lockdowns from 26 March 2020, five waves, mass vaccination from early 2021, BDT 1284.4 billion stimulus, USD 5.9 billion international support, largest COVAX recipient.
COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: national outbreak from the first Latin American case on 26 February 2020 through May 2022; three waves, 30.9 million cases, 666,391 reported deaths, 792,000 estimated excess deaths, weak federal response, state-led measures, and severe Indigenous impact.
COVID-19 pandemic in California
The COVID-19 pandemic in California ran from early 2020 to 2023, bringing the nation's first statewide stay-at-home order and more confirmed cases and deaths than any other state.
COVID-19 pandemic in Canada
COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: national occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 from the first confirmed case January 27, 2020 (Toronto traveller from Wuhan) through five waves, border closures, mass vaccination from December 2020, and the Omicron wave of late 2021.
COVID-19 pandemic in Europe
COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: regional outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 from 24 January 2020 (first case, France); WHO epicenter May 2020; over 2 million deaths in the WHO European Region; PHEIC ended 5 May 2023.
COVID-19 pandemic in Florida
COVID-19 pandemic in Florida: state-level course of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak from 2020 onward. Record 15,299 daily cases July 12, 2020; severe Delta wave; ~100,000 deaths; DeSantis administration banned COVID-19 vaccine and mask mandates.
COVID-19 pandemic in France
The COVID-19 pandemic in France was part of the global SARS-CoV-2 outbreak beginning in January 2020, with Europe's first confirmed cases, three national lockdowns, and about 170,000 deaths.
COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: national course from the first case on 27 January 2020 through lockdowns, waves (175,013 first-wave and 2,158,013 second-wave cases), vaccination, and the end of emergency measures on 7 April 2023.
COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana
The COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana was the country's experience of the global SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, first confirmed in March 2020, with 152,896 cases and a 0.94 percent case fatality ratio by February 2022.