72,234 articles
Demodicosis
Demodicosis is inflammatory skin or eye disease from overgrowth of Demodex folliculorum or Demodex brevis mites, normal skin flora; diagnosed above five mites/cm², treated with ivermectin, and strongly associated with but not proven causal for rosacea.
Demoralization
Demoralization is a psychological state of helplessness, hopelessness, a sense of failure, and inability to cope, described most often in medically ill and psychiatric patients and distinct from depression.
Demosponge
Demospongiae (demosponges, Sollas 1885) is the largest sponge class, about 83% of species, with siliceous monaxon/tetraxon spicules and/or spongin, in marine, brackish, and freshwater habitats, Cambrian fossils and Cryogenian sterol biomarkers.
Demplatin pegraglumer
Demplatin pegraglumer (NC-6004, Nanoplatin) is a ~30 nm polymeric micelle formulation of cisplatin in PEG-poly(glutamic acid), developed by Kataoka's group and NanoCarrier, tested with gemcitabine in phase III pancreatic cancer trials.
Demultiplexing (sequencing)
Demultiplexing in sequencing is the computational step that separates pooled high-throughput sequencing reads into per-sample FASTQ files by matching each read's index or barcode sequence.
Demyelinating disease
A demyelinating disease is a disorder in which the myelin sheath around nerve fibers is damaged, slowing or blocking nerve signals; multiple sclerosis is the most common form.
Denaturation (biochemistry)
Denaturation in biochemistry is the loss of a protein's or nucleic acid's native structure, caused by heat, pH extremes, or chemical agents, without breaking covalent bonds.
DEND syndrome
DEND syndrome (developmental delay, epilepsy, and neonatal diabetes) is a rare KCNJ11/ABCC8 KATP channel disorder causing neonatal diabetes with severe neurologic impairment, treatable with sulfonylureas.
Dendragapus
Dendragapus is a genus of large North American forest grouse (Phasianidae) established by Elliot in 1864, holding the Dusky Grouse (D. obscurus) and Sooty Grouse (D. fuliginosus), split from the former Blue Grouse in 2006 on genetic and behavioral evidence.
Dendrin
Dendrin (DDN, KIAA0749) is a 711-aa protein of neuronal dendrites and kidney podocyte slit diaphragms; it binds nephrin, CD2AP, and KIBRA, and on injury translocates to the nucleus promoting podocyte apoptosis.
Dendrite
Dendrite: branched neuronal process receiving synaptic inputs; from Greek dendron (tree), coined by Wilhelm His in 1889. Distinct from dendritic cells; shape, spines, and actin-microtubule development.
Dendritic cell
Dendritic cell (DC): antigen-presenting phagocyte that activates naive T cells, bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Discovered by Steinman and Cohn in 1973; subsets pDC, cDC1, cDC2; 2011 Nobel Prize; basis of DC cancer vaccines.
Dendritic cell therapy
Dendritic cell therapy is an individualized cancer immunotherapy that loads a patient's own dendritic cells with tumor antigens and reinfuses them; sipuleucel-T was FDA-approved in 2010.
Dendritic epidermal T cell
A dendritic epidermal T cell (DETC) is a gamma-delta T cell that lives permanently in mouse epidermis, extends dendrites between keratinocytes, and drives wound healing and tumor surveillance.
Dendritic spine
Dendritic spines (espinas) are small actin-rich protrusions on neuronal dendrites forming the postsynaptic side of most excitatory synapses; discovered by Cajal in 1888, they number 1-10 per micrometer and remodel during learning, aging, and disease.
Dendrobates
Dendrobates (Wagler, 1830) is a genus of five poison frog species in Dendrobatidae, ranging from Nicaragua to Brazil; once held over 40 species, now split into Oophaga, Ranitomeya, Andinobates, and Phyllobates; CITES Appendix II since 1987.
Dendrobieae
Dendrobieae, an orchid tribe in Epidendroideae, contains Dendrobium (800–1500 species) and Bulbophyllum; molecular phylogenetics supports a broad Dendrobium with Asian and Australasian clades.
Dendrobium
Dendrobium (石斛属-related orchid genus) is a large, conserved orchid genus native from tropical and subtropical Asia to the Pacific and New Zealand, with roughly 1,100–1,500 species, major cut-flower horticulture, and medicinal species such as D. nobile used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Dendrobium bigibbum
Dendrobium bigibbum, the Cooktown orchid, is an epiphytic orchid native to the Tanimbar Islands, New Guinea, and Cape York, Queensland; floral emblem of Queensland since 1959, listed Vulnerable, with four accepted varieties.
Dendrobium nobile
Dendrobium nobile (Shihu, 石斛) is an epiphytic Himalayan orchid, a popular ornamental and a major Traditional Chinese Medicine source; its stem yields dendrobine and other alkaloids, and it is CITES Appendix II listed.
Dendrobium officinale
Dendrobium officinale (Tiepi Shihu, 鐵皮石斛) is a critically endangered Chinese epiphytic orchid whose dried stem is a traditional Chinese medicine and food, rich in polysaccharides, with a 12 g daily Pharmacopoeia limit.
Dendrobium speciosum
Dendrobium speciosum, the rock orchid or rock lily, is a large Australian lithophytic or epiphytic orchid described by James Edward Smith in 1804, native to NSW, Queensland, and Victoria, with cream racemes of up to 120 flowers and 5 to 9 recognized varieties.
Dendrocalamus
Dendrocalamus is a genus of about 80 accepted species of tropical Asian woody bamboos (Poaceae), erected in 1834 with type species D. strictus; best known is giant bamboo D. asper, used for construction, pulp, and edible shoots.
Dendrocalamus asper
Dendrocalamus asper, giant bamboo or sweet bamboo (马来甜龙竹, buluh betong), a tropical clumping bamboo native from Bangladesh to Taiwan and Malesia, grown 15-30 m tall for construction culms and edible shoots.
Dendroceratida
Dendroceratida, an order of horny demosponge sponges in subclass Keratosa, sister to Dictyoceratida; skeleton of spongin fibres only, arising from a basal plate, dendritically arranged; families Darwinellidae and Dictyodendrillidae.
Dendroceros
Dendroceros, a pantropical hornwort genus in Dendrocerotaceae with about 30–41 species, is the only epiphytic hornwort, with midrib-and-perforated-wing thalli, one star-shaped chloroplast per cell, modified pyrenoid, and multicellular spores.
Dendrochirotida
Dendrochirotida is an order of sea cucumbers with branched, tree-like feeding tentacles; with about 800 species, it makes up almost half of living sea cucumbers.
Dendrocnide moroides
Dendrocnide moroides, gympie-gympie or mulberrylike stinging tree, is a Queensland and NSW rainforest shrub whose silica-tipped hairs inject gympietide neurotoxins causing months of pain.
Dendrocopos
Dendrocopos (pied woodpeckers) is a Picidae genus erected by Koch in 1816, holding about 12 Eurasian and North African species such as D. major, D. leucotos, and D. syriacus; molecular phylogenies show it is not monophyletic, prompting IOC generic splits.
Dendroctonus frontalis
Dendroctonus frontalis, the southern pine beetle, a 3 mm Scolytinae bark beetle of pines from Honduras to New England; kills hosts via frontalin-driven mass attacks, S-shaped galleries, and fungal symbionts.