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Delta wave
Delta wave: high-amplitude 1–4 Hz (band 0.1–<4 Hz) EEG rhythm dominating N3 slow-wave sleep; also seen in anesthesia and coma, generated by thalamic h-current/T-current interactions and cortical layer 5 circuits; named by Walter in 1936.
Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD, porphobilinogen synthase, EC 4.2.1.24) condenses two 5-aminolevulinate molecules into porphobilinogen in heme biosynthesis; a zinc or magnesium metalloenzyme, octameric TIM-barrel, and lead's most sensitive toxicological target.
Delta-beta thalassemia
Delta-beta thalassemia (δβ-thalassemia) is a beta-thalassemia variant, usually caused by deletions of the delta and beta genes on chromosome 11, that keeps fetal hemoglobin elevated for life.
Delta-hemolysin
Delta-hemolysin (delta-toxin, delta-lysin, PSMgamma) is a 26-amino-acid amphipathic alpha-helical hemolytic peptide from Staphylococcus aureus, encoded by hld within RNAIII of the agr locus, and a phenol-soluble modulin family member.
Delta-sarcoglycan-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R6
Delta-sarcoglycan-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R6 (LGMD R6, formerly LGMD2F) is a rare autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy caused by SGCD gene variants, typically beginning in childhood.
Deltacoronavirus (δ-CoV)
Deltacoronavirus (δ-CoV), a coronavirus genus in Orthocoronavirinae lacking nsp1 in ORF1a, with subgenera Andecovirus, Buldecovirus, Herdecovirus; mostly avian viruses, plus porcine deltacoronavirus (Deltacoronavirus suis, HKU15) infecting pigs and occasionally humans.
Deltamethrin
Deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide discovered by Michael Elliott in 1974 at Rothamsted, CAS 52918-63-5, acts on sodium channels and is used in crop protection, IRS, and mosquito nets.
Deltaproteobacteria
Deltaproteobacteria, a class of Proteobacteria (Kuever et al. 2006), groups sulfate-reducing, sulfur-reducing, predatory, and metal-respiring bacteria such as Desulfovibrio, Myxococcus, and Geobacter; genome-scale phylogenomics since 2020 reassigns most members to the phyla Desulfobacterota, Myxococcota, SAR324, and Bdellovibrionota.
Deltaretrovirus bovleu
Deltaretrovirus bovleu, also called bovine leukemia virus (BLV), is the ICTV deltaretrovirus species infecting cattle and causing enzootic bovine leukosis, an 8.3 kb retrovirus with tax, rex, and hbz genes.
Deltocyathus calcar
Deltocyathus calcar, the deepsea star coral, is a small solitary free-living stony coral of the western Atlantic, described by Pourtalès in 1874, living at 81-675 m depth.
Deltoid muscle
Deltoid muscle (musculus deltoideus), the triangular shoulder-cap muscle with clavicular, acromial, and spinal parts; axillary nerve (C5, C6); abducts, flexes, extends the arm; preferred adult vaccination site.
Delusion
Delusion: a fixed false belief held with strong conviction despite conflicting evidence and not accepted by the person's culture; a core psychotic symptom defined by DSM-IV/DSM-5 and Jaspers' ununderstandability criterion, studied via aberrant salience and prediction-error models.
Delusion of being controlled
Delusion of being controlled (作為妄想, ICD-11 MB26.01): a psychotic symptom in which a person believes external forces control their thoughts, feelings, or actions; a Schneider first-rank symptom occurring in about 20% of schizophrenia patients, de-emphasized in DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnostics.
Delusion of guilt
Delusion of guilt (ICD-11 MB26.02, 罪業妄想) is a psychotic symptom of exaggerated self-blame and deserved punishment, occurring mainly in psychotic depression (40% of psychotic major depression) and rare in schizophrenia.
Delusion of impoverishment
Delusion of impoverishment (delusion of poverty), ICD-11 MB26.0C: a fixed false conviction of being or becoming destitute despite contrary evidence, seen in psychotic depression and Cotard syndrome.
Delusion of reference
A delusion of reference is the false belief that neutral events and others' behavior carry special, usually negative, personal significance for oneself, a common psychotic symptom in schizophrenia.
Delusional disorder
Delusional disorder, also called paranoid disorder, is a psychotic condition of persistent non-bizarre delusions with preserved functioning, distinct from schizophrenia; onset near age 40, prevalence 0.02–0.2%, subtypes persecutory, jealous, erotomanic, somatic.
Delusional parasitosis
Delusional parasitosis (delusional infestation, Ekbom syndrome) is a psychotic disorder with a fixed false belief of skin parasite infestation; primary, secondary, and organic forms treated with antipsychotics such as risperidone.
Demecarium
Demecarium (demecarium bromide, Humorsol, Tosmilen, BC-48) is a long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor miotic for glaucoma, FDA approved 1959 and now discontinued; it survives in veterinary use via compounding pharmacies.
Dementia
Dementia: progressive syndrome of memory and cognitive decline from brain-damaging diseases; also called senile dementia historically. Alzheimer disease causes 60–70% of 57 million cases; no cure, symptomatic drugs and risk-factor prevention only.
Dementia due to Alzheimer disease
Dementia due to Alzheimer disease (ICD-11 6D80) is the most common dementia, an insidious amnestic dementia from amyloid-beta and tau pathology, with early-onset, late-onset, and mixed ICD-11 subtypes.
Dementia due to cerebrovascular disease
Dementia due to cerebrovascular disease (ICD-11 6D81), or vascular dementia, is dementia from ischemic or hemorrhagic brain injury, with prominent processing-speed and executive deficits, stepwise or progressive course, and frequent overlap with Alzheimer's pathology.
Dementia due to Down syndrome
Dementia due to Down syndrome (ICD-11 6D85.9) is an Alzheimer-like neurodegenerative disorder caused by chromosome 21 triplication and APP overexpression; dementia prevalence rises from about 3.4% at ages 30-39 to roughly 70% after age 50.
Dementia praecox
Dementia praecox, also demence precoce, was Kraepelin's disused diagnosis for a chronic, deteriorating adolescent-onset psychosis; Bleuler renamed it schizophrenia in 1908, keeping Kraepelin's hebephrenic, catatonic, and paranoid subtypes.
Dementia with Lewy bodies
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), a Lewy body dementia, is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer's, caused by alpha-synuclein Lewy bodies, with hallucinations, fluctuating cognition, parkinsonism, and REM sleep behavior disorder.
Demersal fish
Demersal fish, also known as groundfish, are fish that live and feed on or near the seabed, unlike pelagic fish; familiar examples include cods, groupers, flatfishes, and rockfishes.
Demethylation
Demethylation is the removal of methyl groups from compounds, especially DNA demethylation of 5-methylcytosine via passive replication dilution or active TET-mediated oxidation, deamination, and base excision repair pathways.
DEMETRA study (NCT05732623)
The DEMETRA study (NCT05732623) is an international, multicenter case-control study led by San Raffaele University in Milan investigating dietary and lifestyle risk factors for colorectal cancer diagnosed before age 50.
Demodex
Demodex is a genus of microscopic mites living in human hair follicles and sebaceous glands; D. folliculorum and D. brevis are permanent human ectoparasites, near-universal in adults, linked to rosacea, demodicosis, and Demodex blepharitis, treated with lotilaner 0.25% (XDEMVY).
Demodex folliculorum
Demodex folliculorum, the human follicle mite (with Demodex brevis), a 0.3–0.4 mm commensal eyelash mite; overgrowth causes blepharitis and rosacea, treated with tea tree oil, ivermectin, and lotilaner 0.25%.