72,234 articles
Diane W. Wara
Diane W. Wara is a pediatric immunologist and professor emeritus at UCSF, a pioneer of pediatric HIV medicine elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 1998.
Dianetics
Dianetics, also called Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health, is L. Ron Hubbard's 1950 mind-and-self-help system of engrams, the reactive mind, and auditing, discredited by medicine yet the foundation of Scientology.
Dianhydrogalactitol
Dianhydrogalactitol (VAL-083, DAG, NSC 132313) is a bifunctional epoxide alkylating agent forming N7-guanine DNA cross-links independent of MGMT; approved in China for CML and lung cancer, in US trials for glioblastoma.
Dianicline
Dianicline (SSR591813), a Sanofi-Aventis cytisine-derived α4β2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist for smoking cessation; failed phase 3 (Tonstad 2011, 602 smokers) and development was terminated in February 2008.
Diann Prosser
Diann Prosser is an American research wildlife ecologist at the U.S. Geological Survey in Laurel, Maryland, known for modeling how waterfowl movements spread avian influenza.
Dianna M. Milewicz
Dianna M. Milewicz is an American medical geneticist at UTHealth Houston who studies the genetics of thoracic aortic aneurysms and directs the John Ritter Research Program.
Dianne K. Newman
Dianne K. Newman is an American geobiologist and microbiologist at Caltech known for applying genetics to microbial metabolism and studying phenazines in cystic fibrosis lungs.
Dianthus
Dianthus (pinks, carnations, sweet William) is a genus of about 384 accepted species in Caryophyllaceae, native from Europe to temperate Asia, Africa, and Subarctic America, with tubular calyces, five clawed petals, and capsules opening by four teeth.
Dianthus barbatus
Dianthus barbatus, Sweet William, is a Caryophyllaceae biennial/short-lived perennial native from European mountains to N. Korea, grown for fragrant clustered flowers; parent of Fairchild's 1717 first artificial plant hybrid.
Dianthus caryophyllus
Dianthus caryophyllus, the carnation or clove pink, a Mediterranean Caryophyllaceae subshrub and major cut-flower crop; diploid 2n=30, third most traded flower, Colombia top exporter, blue GM varieties exist.
Dianzani autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease
Dianzani autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease (DALD) is a very rare inherited immune disorder causing autoimmunity and enlarged lymph nodes or spleen, without the double-negative T cells of ALPS.
Diapause
Diapause is a programmed seasonal developmental or reproductive arrest, coined by Wheeler in 1893 from Greek diapausis, occurring in phased stages and distinguished from quiescence by anticipatory, hormonally regulated induction.
DIAPH1
DIAPH1 (diaphanous-related formin 1, mDia1), a Rho-effector formin gene on 5q31; causes DFNA1 deafness, and gain-of-function R1213 variants cause macrothrombocytopenia with hearing loss, while biallelic loss causes neurodevelopmental syndrome.
Diaphanospondylodysostosis
Diaphanospondylodysostosis (DSD, ORPHA:66637, OMIM 608022) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive BMPER-related skeletal dysplasia with vertebral and rib ossification defects, small thorax, renal cysts, and usually perinatal lethality.
Diapheromeridae
Diapheromeridae, a family of stick insects (Phasmida) established by Kirby in 1904 with type genus Diapheromera; about 446 valid species in 62 genera, two subfamilies, worldwide in tropical and warm temperate regions.
Diapherotrites
Diapherotrites, also known as Candidatus Iainarchaeota, is a candidate phylum of archaea known almost entirely from genome sequences, proposed in 2013 as a founding member of the DPANN superphylum.
Diaphorina citri
Diaphorina citri, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), is a 3-mm hemipteran insect vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, cause of citrus huanglongbing; it spreads HLB worldwide and is managed with insecticides, parasitoids, and quarantine.
Diaphragm pacing
Diaphragm pacing is a technique that electrically stimulates the phrenic nerve or diaphragm muscle to generate breaths, used mainly in high spinal cord injury and central hypoventilation.
Diaphragmatic breathing
Diaphragmatic breathing is a behavioral relaxation technique in which a person deliberately engages the diaphragm to slow breathing to 6–10 breaths per minute, producing abdominal breaths that lower stress and blood pressure.
Diaphragmatic hernia
Diaphragmatic hernia (DD50.0): protrusion of abdominal organs into the chest through a diaphragm defect; congenital (Bochdalek, Morgagni, hiatal) or acquired from trauma, with neonatal respiratory distress and surgical repair.
Diaphragmatic hernia repair
Diaphragmatic hernia repair is surgery that returns abdominal organs displaced into the chest to the abdomen and closes the diaphragm, most often in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
Diaphyseal medullary stenosis-bone malignancy syndrome
Diaphyseal medullary stenosis-bone malignancy syndrome, also called Hardcastle syndrome or DMS-MFH (OMIM 112250), is a very rare autosomal dominant bone dysplasia and tumor predisposition syndrome caused by MTAP mutations at 9p21, causing pathological fractures, bone infarction, and bone sarcoma in about 35% of affected individuals.
Diapriidae
Diapriidae (diapriids) is a worldwide family of tiny 2-3 mm parasitoid wasps in Hymenoptera, superfamily Diaprioidea; about 4,000 estimated species, mostly endoparasitoids of fly larvae and pupae, some associated with ants.
Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum
Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum is a public health scientist who heads the World Health Organization's Climate Change and Health Unit in Geneva and helps lead the annual Lancet Countdown reports.
Diarrhea
Diarrhea, also diarrhoea: passage of 3+ loose stools daily, from osmotic, secretory, inflammatory, or motility mechanisms. Treated with reduced-osmolarity ORS (245 mOsm/l) and zinc; still kills ~444,000 children under 5 yearly.
Diaspididae
Diaspididae, armored scale insects, the largest scale insect family (2,624 species, 421 genera); legless females under a waxy scale cover with a pygidium; major invasive plant pests.
Diastasis of muscle
Diastasis of muscle, or myodiastasis, ICD-11 FB32.0: pathological separation of muscle fibers from fibers, tendons, or fascia. Most common form is diastasis recti abdominis, defined as linea alba widening over 2 cm.
Diastasis recti
Diastasis recti (diastasis recti abdominis, rectus diastasis) is a widening of the linea alba over 2 cm separating the rectus abdominis muscles, common in pregnancy; treated with exercise or fascial plication surgery.
Diastema
Diastema (tooth gap) is a space between adjacent teeth, most often the upper central incisors (midline diastema). Causes include genetics, oversized frenum, habits, and gum disease; treatments include bonding, veneers, braces, and frenectomy.
Diastole
Diastole: the relaxation and filling phase of the cardiac cycle, opposite systole. Covers its four phases, diastolic blood pressure, diastolic dysfunction grading, and the 2025 ASE echocardiography guidelines.