Life and health

Diastolic function

Diastolic function is the left ventricle's ability to relax and fill with blood during diastole, assessed mainly by echocardiography and central to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Diastrophic dysplasia (DTD, diastrophic dwarfism) is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia caused by SLC26A2 mutations, marked by short stature, joint contractures, hitchhiker thumbs, and cleft palate; most survive to adulthood.

Diathermy

Diathermy, or deep heating, is a therapy using shortwave, microwave, or ultrasound energy to heat tissue below the skin for pain and muscle conditions, and a surgical technique (electrosurgery) for cutting tissue and coagulating blood.

Diatom

Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) are single-celled golden-brown algae with silica cell walls (frustules), 2–500 µm, 20,000 to 2 million estimated species, driving ~40% of oceanic carbon fixation and used in water monitoring and diatomite.

Oct 15, 2026

Diatrizoate

Diatrizoate, also called diatrizoic acid or amidotrizoic acid, is a high-osmolality iodinated X-ray contrast medium, developed in 1953 and used in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.

Diazepam

Diazepam (Valium) is a long-acting benzodiazepine introduced by Hoffmann-La Roche in 1963 for anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, muscle spasm, and status epilepticus; half-life 24-48 h with active metabolite 50-120 h.

Oct 22, 2026

Diazirine photoaffinity probes

Diazirine photoaffinity probes are small molecules in which a diazirine group, activated by UV light to a reactive carbene, covalently captures a ligand's protein targets for mass spectrometry.

Oct 22, 2026

Diazirine-based photoaffinity labeling

Diazirine-based photoaffinity labeling is a chemical biology technique in which a diazirine tag, activated by UV light, covalently captures the protein targets of small molecules.

Dibenzepin

Dibenzepin (Noveril, Wander), a tricyclic antidepressant, ATC N06AA08, formula C18H21N3O, introduced 1965; 480–720 mg daily; low antimuscarinic potency; distinct from other drugs named Noveril.

Dibotermin alfa

Dibotermin alfa (rhBMP-2), marketed as InductOs and Infuse, is a recombinant CHO-cell-derived bone morphogenetic protein-2 implant for lumbar spinal fusion and acute tibial fractures; EU-authorized 2002, suspended 2015 over sponge manufacturing.

Dibunic acid

Dibunic acid, also called 2,6-di-tert-butylnaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid, is the parent acid of sodium dibunate (CAS 14992-59-7, L-1633, Becantex), a non-opioid antitussive, ATC R05DB16, for non-productive cough.

Dibunophyllum

Dibunophyllum (Thomson & Nicholson, 1876) is an extinct genus of large solitary rugose coral with an axial column, type material from the Carboniferous Limestone of Derbyshire, and a Visean to Permian range across Europe, Asia, and North America.

Dicaeum

Dicaeum (typical flowerpeckers), genus Cuvier 1816 in family Dicaeidae, small tropical passerines from southern Asia to New Guinea and Australia; fruit- and mistletoe-eating, distinct from Prionochilus.

Dicamba

Dicamba (2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid) is a Group 4 synthetic auxin, benzoic acid herbicide controlling broadleaf weeds in corn, soybean, cotton, and turf; known for volatility-driven off-target crop injury and repeated US court vacaturs of its over-the-top registrations.

Dicarboxylate/Amino Acid:Cation Symporter

DAACS (TC 2.A.23), the Dicarboxylate/Amino Acid:Cation Symporter family, secondary transporters coupling dicarboxylate and amino acid uptake to Na+ or H+; human SLC1 members, GltPh trimer fold, bacterial DctA.

Dicarboxylic aciduria

Dicarboxylic aciduria is the abnormal urinary excretion of medium-chain dicarboxylic acids, chiefly adipic, suberic, and sebacic acids, caused by blocked mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and seen in inherited fatty acid oxidation disorders.

Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria

Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria (glutamate-aspartate transport defect, OMIM 222730) is a rare autosomal recessive SLC1A1/EAAT3 disorder causing urinary loss of glutamate and aspartate, sometimes with hypoglycemia, kidney stones, or neuropsychiatric signs.

DICEE trial

DICEE trial (Deflated and Inflated Cuff Endotracheal Extubations, NCT06990308): a single-center blinded randomized trial at Naval Medical Center Camp Lejeune comparing deflated versus inflated cuff extubation in 88 healthy adults after non-airway surgery, using contrast chest radiography to detect airway contamination.

Dicellograptus

Dicellograptus is an extinct Ordovician graptolite genus (family Dicranograptidae) with two reclined stipes and geniculate thecae, ranging from 463.8 to 443.07 Ma worldwide and serving as a key Katian index fossil.

Dicentra

Dicentra, the true bleeding-hearts, is a genus of eight perennial herb species in Papaveraceae native from eastern Asia and Japan to North America; formerly broader, it was split in 1997, moving the garden bleeding heart to Lamprocapnos.

Dicentrarchus punctatus

Dicentrarchus punctatus, the spotted seabass (bar tacheté, Baila), a Moronidae temperate bass of the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, distinguished from D. labrax by dark body spots and an opercular black spot.

Dicer

Dicer (DICER1, chromosome 14q32.13) is the RNase III enzyme that cleaves pre-miRNAs and dsRNA into 21-23 nt miRNAs and siRNAs; germline variants cause DICER1 tumor predisposition with goiter, lung cysts, and rare tumors.

Dichanthium

Dichanthium (bluestem) is a genus of about 20 Old World tropical C4 grasses in Poaceae, tribe Andropogoneae, related to Bothriochloa; D. annulatum and allies are major drought-tolerant tropical forage and erosion-control grasses.

Dichanthium aristatum

Dichanthium aristatum (Angleton grass, Angleton bluestem) is a perennial tropical forage grass in Poaceae, native from India to Yunnan and Malesia, with 2n = 20, 40, 60, hay yields of 4.5–13.5 t/ha, and cultivars 'Medio', 'Gordo', 'Alabang X', and 'Floren'.