Life and health

Dicrotophos

Dicrotophos (Bidrin, Carbicron; CAS 141-66-2) is an organophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor used mainly on cotton in the United States; a restricted-use, EU-unapproved yellow-brown liquid.

Dicrurus

Dicrurus is the main genus of drongos, family Dicruridae, tropical Old World corvoid passerines with about 21 species across Africa, Asia, and Madagascar, conserved in plumage but variable in voice.

DICT domain

DICT (PF10069, IPR019278), Domain associated with diguanylate Cyclases and phosphodiesterases, is a bacterial sensory protein domain in diguanylate cyclases and two-component systems, part of cyclic di-GMP signaling alongside GGDEF and EAL domains.

Dictamnus

Dictamnus, the gas plant or burning bush genus (Fraxinella), is a Rutaceae genus of three accepted species of temperate Eurasian aromatic herbs, chemically distinct in quinoline alkaloids and limonoids, phylogenetically isolated from Ruteae, and long used in traditional medicine.

Dictyocaulus

Dictyocaulus, lungworm genus of ungulates (D. viviparus cattle, D. filaria sheep, D. arnfieldi equids); direct life cycle, causes husk, controlled by irradiated-larva vaccine and anthelmintics.

Dictyoclostus

Dictyoclostus is an extinct productid brachiopod genus named by Muir-Wood (1930), type species Anomites semireticulatus Martin, 1809; large reticulate, spined shells from Devonian to Permian marine rocks.

Dictyonema

Dictyonema, established in 1822, is a genus of lichen-forming basidiomycete fungi in the family Hygrophoraceae, best known for blue-green, bracket-like or filamentous thalli in tropical forests. The same name belongs to an extinct Paleozoic graptolite genus.

Dictyonema clade

The Dictyonema clade is a lineage of lichenized basidiomycete fungi and the largest group of basidiolichens, with hundreds of mostly Neotropical species in the genera Dictyonema, Cora, Corella, Cyphellostereum, and Acantholichen.

Dictyopharidae

Dictyopharidae, dictyopharid planthoppers, a family of Fulgoromorpha sap-feeding insects and sister group of Fulgoridae; about 740 species in 160 genera, worldwide except polar regions, often with elongated head processes.

Dictyostelid

Dictyostelids, or cellular slime molds and social amoebae (Dictyostelia), are Amoebozoa soil amoebae that aggregate under starvation into slugs and fruiting bodies via cAMP signaling; over 180 species, first described by Brefeld in 1869.

Dictyostelium

Dictyostelium is a genus of social amoebae that live in soil and, when starved, aggregate into multicellular fruiting bodies; its species D. discoideum is a major model organism.

Dictyostelium discoideum

Dictyostelium discoideum, the social amoeba or cellular slime mold described by Raper in 1935, aggregates by cAMP chemotaxis into a fruiting body upon starvation; a haploid model organism for chemotaxis, development, and biomedical research.

Dicycloverine

Dicycloverine, also called dicyclomine (Bentyl, Merbentyl), is a synthetic antimuscarinic antispasmodic (ATC A03AA07) for gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasm, mainly IBS; effective versus placebo in one 1981 RCT but with anticholinergic side effects and contraindicated in infants under 6 months and nursing mothers.

Dicyemida

Dicyemida (Rhombozoa), formerly classed as Mesozoa, are tiny parasites of cephalopod kidneys with about 30-cell bodies, a reduced 67.5 Mb genome, and a disputed spiralian phylogeny.

Dicynodontia

Dicynodontia, dicynodonts, herbivorous beaked therapsid synapsids with paired tusks, lived about 270-201 Ma, dominated Permian-Triassic land herbivore faunas, survived the end-Permian extinction via Lystrosaurus, and went extinct in the Late Triassic.

Didanosine

Didanosine (ddI, Videx, dideoxyinosine), an NRTI antiretroviral for HIV-1; second FDA-approved HIV drug (9 October 1991); withdrawn from U.S. market due to pancreatitis, neuropathy, and mitochondrial toxicity.

Didelphidae

Didelphidae (American opossums) is the only family of the marsupial order Didelphimorphia, native to the Americas, with 10 g to 2 kg species, 50 teeth, and a generalized ancestral body plan.

Didelphis

Didelphis (large American opossums) is a marsupial genus of six species in Didelphidae, established by Linnaeus in 1758, ranging from central Argentina to southern Canada, including the Virginia opossum D. virginiana.

Didelphodon

Didelphodon is an extinct genus of metatherian mammals from Late Cretaceous North America whose largest species, D. vorax, was a bone- and shell-crushing predator of the dinosaur age.

Didemnum vexillum

Didemnum vexillum, carpet sea squirt, a colonial tunicate native to the northwest Pacific (probably Japan) that invades temperate coasts worldwide, overgrowing docks, shellfish, and seabeds; failed New Zealand eradication cost $650,000 NZD.

Didier Cros

Didier Cros is a French-trained American neurologist and clinical neurophysiologist at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, known for electrophysiological diagnosis of peripheral nerve disease and NEJM MGH case records.

Didier Dreyfuss

Didier Dreyfuss is a French professor emeritus of intensive-care medicine at Université Paris Cité and former head of intensive care at Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes.

Didier Lebrec

Didier Lebrec (born 1945) is a French hepatologist and INSERM researcher at Hôpital Beaujon in Clichy, known for his 1981 trial showing propranolol sharply reduced recurrent bleeding in cirrhosis.

Didier Mazel

Didier Mazel is a French geneticist at the Institut Pasteur in Paris who studies integrons, horizontal gene transfer, and genome architecture in bacteria, including Vibrio cholerae.

Didier Ménard

Didier Ménard, born 1966, is a French pharmacist-biologist and malaria researcher who established K13 mutations as the main determinants of artemisinin resistance and led the KARMA consortium.

Didier Picard

Didier Picard, born 1957, is a Swiss molecular biologist who led a laboratory at the University of Geneva from 1990, known for work on the Hsp90 chaperone and steroid receptors.

Didier Pittet

Didier Pittet is a Swiss infectious-diseases physician and hospital epidemiologist who developed and popularized alcohol-based handrub and led WHO's Clean Care is Safer Care program.

Didier Raoult

Didier Raoult (born 1952 in Dakar, Senegal) is a French microbiologist known for culturing Tropheryma whipplei, discovering giant viruses, and contested COVID-19 hydroxychloroquine claims.

Didier Samuel

Didier Samuel is a French hepatologist who led the liver transplant program at Hôpital Paul-Brousse in Villejuif and became Chairman and CEO of Inserm in February 2023.