Life and health

Diphenamid

Diphenamid (N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide, CAS 957-51-7, Dymid, Enide) is a pre-emergence amide herbicide introduced circa 1960, root-absorbed, VLCFA-inhibiting (HRAC K3), moderately persistent and mobile in soil, discontinued in the US in 1988.

Diphenhydramine

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is a first-generation antihistamine developed by George Rieveschl and first marketed in 1946 by Parke-Davis. Used for allergy, motion sickness, and sleep aids; Beers Criteria advise avoiding it in older adults.

Diphenidol

Diphenidol (difenidol; Vontrol, Cephadol) is a non-phenothiazine antiemetic and antivertigo tertiary alcohol drug, approved in the US in 1967 and now discontinued there, still used in Japan for vertigo.

Diphenoxylate

Diphenoxylate (Lomotil, with atropine) is a phenylpiperidine μ-opioid agonist antidiarrheal, US Schedule V, contraindicated under age 6, dependence reported at 100-300 mg/day.

Diphenylpyraline

Diphenylpyraline (CAS 147-20-6, Hispril, Lergobine) is a first-generation piperidine sedating antihistamine, H1 antagonist with anticholinergic action, used for allergic rhinitis and pruritus; also a cocaine-like dopamine transporter inhibitor.

Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase

Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase, also called mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.33), is the terminal enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, producing isopentenyl diphosphate for isoprenoid and cholesterol biosynthesis.

Diphtheria

Diphtheria, also called the strangling angel, is a toxin-mediated bacterial disease from Corynebacterium diphtheriae causing throat pseudomembranes; preventable by DTP toxoid vaccine, fatal in 5-10% of cases.

Diphtheria & tetanus toxoids & acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed

Diphtheria & tetanus toxoids & acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed, sold as DAPTACEL, is a Sanofi DTaP vaccine approved in the United States in 2002 for infants and children under 7.

Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed and inactivated poliovirus vaccine

Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed and inactivated poliovirus vaccine, sold as Quadracel, is a Sanofi Pasteur DTaP-IPV vaccine approved in 2015 for children 4 through 6.

Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed, inactivated poliovirus, haemophilus b conjugate [meningococcal protein conjugate] and hepatitis b [recombinant] vaccine

Vaxelis (DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB) is a hexavalent infant combination vaccine by MCM/MSP Vaccine Company, EMA-approved 2016 and FDA-licensed December 21, 2018, given at 2, 4, and 6 months and not used as a booster.

Diphtheria and tetanus vaccine adsorbed

Diphtheria and tetanus vaccine adsorbed (DT, Dual Antigen) is a WHO-prequalified pediatric toxoid vaccine by Serum Institute of India for children under 7 when pertussis vaccination is contraindicated; 0.5 ml IM doses, thiomersal-preserved.

Diphtheria and tetanus vaccine adsorbed for adults and adolescents

Diphtheria and Tetanus Vaccine Adsorbed for Adults and Adolescents (dT) is a WHO-prequalified reduced-diphtheria-antigen toxoid vaccine by Serum Institute of India, prequalified since 4 April 1995, given intramuscularly, stored at 2-8°C with 36-month shelf life.

Diphtheria toxin

Diphtheria toxin, the ADP-ribosylating A-B toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae carrying the tox gene, inactivates elongation factor 2 to cause diphtheria; discovered by Roux and Yersin in 1888.

Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine

DTwP-Hib (Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine), also DTwP+Hib, a tetravalent adsorbed infant combination vaccine; whole-cell pertussis plus Hib conjugate, 3 doses from 6 weeks, WHO-prequalified products from Serum Institute of India and others.

Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis b and haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine adsorbed

Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine adsorbed (DTwP-HepB-Hib), a WHO-prequalified liquid pentavalent infant vaccine by Serum Institute of India, prequalified 22/09/2010, 2-dose vial, thiomersal-preserved, distinct from hexavalent HEXASII.

Diphylla

Diphylla, the hairy-legged vampire bat genus (Diphylla ecaudata), a monotypic Desmodontinae bat from Mexico to Brazil that roosts in caves and feeds entirely on bird blood.

Diphyllobothriasis

Diphyllobothriasis, fish or broad tapeworm infection, is an intestinal disease from eating raw or undercooked fish carrying Dibothriocephalus latus and related diphyllobothriid tapeworms; worms exceed 10 m, infections last up to 25 years, and praziquantel treats them.

Diphyllobothriasis and sparganosis

Diphyllobothriasis and sparganosis (ICD-10 B70) are diphyllobothriid tapeworm diseases: intestinal adult-worm infection from raw fish (Dibothriocephalus, Adenocephalus) and tissue larval infection from Spirometra spargana, treated with praziquantel.

Diphyllobothrium

Diphyllobothrium, broad or fish tapeworms (Diphyllobothriidae); most human-infecting species now Dibothriocephalus or Adenocephalus. Two-bothria scolex, up to 15 m adults, fish-borne diphyllobothriasis, eggs 55–75 µm with operculum.

Dipivefrin

Dipivefrin (dipivalyl epinephrine, brand Propine) is an epinephrine prodrug eye drop for glaucoma; 0.1% twice daily, 17-fold better corneal penetration, discontinued in the US.

Diplocaulus

Diplocaulus is an extinct boomerang-headed lepospondyl tetrapod (not a modern amphibian) from the Carboniferous-Permian of North America, with D. minimus from Late Permian Morocco; its tabular horns acted as a hydrofoil.

Diplocynodon

Diplocynodon (Pomel, 1847) is an extinct European alligatoroid crocodyliform genus spanning late Paleocene to Middle Miocene, known from over 300 localities; a 2026 revision confirms 9 valid species of 11.

Diplodia tip blight

Diplodia tip blight, also called Sphaeropsis tip blight or Diplodia blight, is a fungal pine disease caused by Diplodia sapinea, killing shoots of two- and three-needle pines, especially Austrian pine, after stress such as drought or hail.

Diplodocus

Diplodocus, a Late Jurassic sauropod dinosaur genus from the Morrison Formation, USA, named by Marsh in 1878; up to 26 m long, about 15 tonnes, whip-tailed, source of the famous Dippy casts, with 2026 Spanish fossils extending its range to Europe.

Diplodus annularis

Diplodus annularis, the annular seabream (basionym Sparus annularis), is a small Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic sparid fish of seagrass and sandy bottoms, usually 12-15 cm, reaching 17 years, targeted mainly by recreational anglers.

Diplodus puntazzo

Diplodus puntazzo, sharpsnout seabream (sarago pizzuto), a sparid fish of the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic; rudimentary hermaphrodite, omnivorous, to 60 cm, under domestication for Mediterranean aquaculture.

Diplodus sargus

Diplodus sargus, the white seabream (Sargo, Sar commun), is a Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic sparid fish with five dark vertical bars, reaching 45 cm, protandrous, fished artisanally, IUCN Least Concern.

Diplodus vulgaris

Diplodus vulgaris, the common two-banded seabream (sar à tête noire), is a Sparidae fish of the eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Black Sea, with two dark bands, max 45 cm, IUCN Least Concern.

Diplograptus

Diplograptus, an extinct biserial graptolite genus (family Diplograptidae, phylum Hemichordata) named by McCoy in 1850, type species D. pristis, ranging Middle Ordovician to Early Silurian across Europe, North America, Australia, and Asia.