72,234 articles
Distal tail protein, C-terminal domain
Distal tail protein, C-terminal domain (Dit CTD, InterPro IPR048272): the galectin-like beta-sandwich domain of phage Dit that forms a sixfold crown binding Tal and receptor binding proteins in siphovirus tail tips.
Distal tail protein, N-terminal domain
Distal tail protein N-terminal domain (Dit NTD): tail tube-fold module of tailed dsDNA phages whose six copies form the hexameric baseplate hub ring linking tail tube to Tal and host-recognition proteins.
Distarch phosphate
Distarch phosphate (E1412, INS 1412) is a phosphate cross-linked modified food starch used as a thickener and stabilizer, valued for heat, acid, shear, and freeze-thaw stability; GRAS in the US (GRN 705) and re-evaluated as safe by EFSA.
Distichlis
Distichlis (saltgrass), genus of dioecious rhizomatous halophytic grasses in Poaceae, native to temperate and subtropical America and Australia; includes D. spicata, used for turf, forage, and salt marsh restoration.
Distichlis spicata
Distichlis spicata, saltgrass (also alkali, inland, or coastal saltgrass), is a rhizomatous halophytic grass native to temperate and subtropical America, tolerating salinity up to about 1 M NaCl and used for forage, turf, restoration, and salt-soil remediation.
Distigmine
Distigmine (Ubretid), distigmine bromide, is a long-acting reversible carbamate cholinesterase inhibitor approved in Japan in 1967 for myasthenia gravis and underactive bladder, with 72-hour half-life and cholinergic crisis as its key risk.
Distillers dried grains with solubles
Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a protein-rich livestock feed co-product of fuel ethanol production and the dominant co-product of the US dry-grind ethanol industry.
Distraction osteogenesis
Distraction osteogenesis is a surgical technique that lengthens bone by slowly separating a cut segment with a mechanical device so new bone fills the gap, used for limb lengthening and craniofacial reconstruction.
Distribution and regional faunas of potter and mason wasps
Potter and mason wasps (Eumeninae) are the largest subfamily of the Vespidae, with about 3,773 species on every continent except Antarctica; the Palearctic realm is richest, followed by the Neotropics.
Distribution area
Distribution area (área de distribución), or geographic range: the fraction of geographic space where a species is present and interacts non-ephemerally with the ecosystem, set by barriers, climatic gradients, biotic interactions, and evolutionary constraints.
Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis
Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis (DCEA) is a health economic evaluation method, introduced in 2014, that estimates how an intervention's costs and health effects are distributed across social subgroups.
Distributive shock
Distributive shock, also called vasodilatory shock, is circulatory shock from widespread vasodilation with normal blood volume. Subtypes are septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic, and toxin-induced shock; it is the most common shock type and is treated with fluids and vasopressors.
District Hospitals
District hospitals: government-controlled hospitals serving as the major health facility for a designated geographic area; first referral level between primary care clinics and regional or tertiary hospitals, providing generalist 24-hour care.
DISTROKE trial
DISTROKE (NCT03626558), Diaphragmatic Function Description in Stroke Patients, was a withdrawn French preliminary ultrasound study of post-stroke diaphragm function; no participants were enrolled and no results were posted.
Disturbance and recovery of hydrothermal vent microbial communities
Disturbance and recovery of hydrothermal vent microbial communities: how chemoautotrophic bacteria and archaea at deep-sea hydrothermal vents respond to eruptions, shift from fluid-shaped to mineral-shaped communities, and recolonize, with recovery often taking over a decade.
Disturbance of affect
Disturbance of affect (ICD-11 MB24.6) is a symptom code for a disturbance in the expression or outward manifestation of mood, under MB24 symptoms involving mood or affect, distinct from diagnosable mood disorders.
Disturbance of body image
Disturbance of body image (ICD-11 MB27.3), also called body image disturbance: excessively negative, distorted, or inaccurate perception of one's own body; core feature of eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder.
Disturbances in tooth eruption
Disturbances in tooth eruption are delays, premature eruption, or complete failure of teeth to emerge from the jaw, caused by local obstructions, ankylosis, or genetic and systemic factors.
Disturbances in tooth formation
Disturbances in tooth formation (ICD-10 K00.4; ICD-11 DA07.3) are developmental odontogenesis disorders including enamel hypoplasia, dilaceration, regional odontodysplasia, and Turner tooth, caused by genetic or environmental disruption of tooth development.
Disturbances of oral epithelium
Disturbances of oral epithelium (ICD-11 DA01.0) groups oral epithelial disorders including leukoplakia, hairy leukoplakia, and wandering rash of the mouth, continuing ICD-10 K13.2; leukoplakia carries a 3-17% 10-year oral cancer transformation risk.
Disturbances of salivary secretion
Disturbances of salivary secretion (ICD-11 DA04.6, 唾液分泌障害): conditions of increased (sialorrhoea, hypersalivation) or decreased (hyposalivation, xerostomia-related) saliva secretion, caused by medications, Sjögren's syndrome, aging, and radiation, managed with sialogogues, substitutes, botulinum toxin, or surgery.
Disturbances of smell or taste
Disturbances of smell or taste (ICD-11 MB41): anosmia, hyposmia, parosmia, phantosmia, dysgeusia, hypogeusia, ageusia. Mostly sinonasal, postinfectious, or posttraumatic; diagnosed by ENT psychophysical testing; olfactory training is the main treatment.
Disufenton
Disufenton sodium (NXY-059, Cerovive, OKN-007) is a nitrone free-radical-trapping drug AstraZeneca developed for acute ischemic stroke; positive SAINT I, negative SAINT II, withdrawn, later studied as OKN-007 for glioblastoma.
Disulfiram
Disulfiram (Antabuse) is an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, FDA-approved since 1951 for alcohol dependence, that causes acetaldehyde buildup and an aversive reaction if alcohol is drunk; effective mainly under supervised dosing.
Disulfoton
Disulfoton (Di-Syston, CAS 298-04-4) is a systemic organophosphate insecticide/acaricide first registered in 1958, acting by cholinesterase inhibition; extremely toxic dermally (GHS Category 1) and heavily restricted.
Ditalimfos
Ditalimfos (O,O-diethyl phthalimidophosphonothioate, CAS 5131-24-8) is an obsolete organophosphate and phthalimide fungicide first reported in 1966, used mainly against powdery mildew; not approved in the EU or UK, with a 0.01 mg/kg default MRL.
Diter von Wettstein
Diter von Wettstein (1929–2017) was a German-born plant geneticist and barley breeder who worked in Sweden, Denmark, and the United States, mapping chlorophyll synthesis and developing transgenic barley.
Dithianon
Dithianon (CAS 3347-22-6), a non-chlorinated quinone contact fungicide from the 1960s, used preventively against apple and pear scab; EU-approved for fungicidal uses only, with moderate acute toxicity.
Dithiopyr
Dithiopyr (Dimension) is a pyridine WSSA group 3 preemergence turf herbicide that inhibits microtubule assembly, controlling crabgrass and broadleaf weeds; registered in the US, not approved in the EU.
Ditlev E. Brodersen
Ditlev E. Brodersen is a Danish structural molecular biologist, professor of structural microbiology at Aarhus University since 2021, known for work on antibiotic binding to the bacterial ribosome.