72,234 articles
Diving medicine
Diving medicine is the medical field dealing with the effects of pressure and immersion on the body, covering decompression sickness, barotrauma, and assessing whether a person is fit to dive.
Diving reflex
Diving reflex (mammalian diving response, diving bradycardia): apnea, bradycardia, and peripheral vasoconstriction triggered by facial water immersion, found in all vertebrates studied; human heart rate falls with a 10.4 s time constant, down to 6 beats/min in extremes.
DivIVA
DivIVA, called Wag31 in mycobacteria, is a conserved Gram-positive bacterial protein that binds concave membranes at cell poles and the septum, scaffolding division and polar growth.
Dix–Hallpike test
Dix–Hallpike test (also Dix-Hallpike maneuver, Hallpike-Dix test): bedside head-positioning test introduced by Dix and Hallpike in 1952; gold standard for diagnosing posterior canal BPPV via provoked positional nystagmus resolving within 60 seconds.
Dixon Chibanda
Dixon Chibanda is a Zimbabwean psychiatrist who founded the Friendship Bench in Harare in 2006, training grandmothers to deliver problem-solving therapy, and directs the African Mental Health Research Initiative.
Dixon MRI
Dixon MRI is a magnetic resonance imaging technique, reported by W. T. Dixon in 1984, that separates water and fat signals to produce fat-suppressed images and quantitative fat-fraction maps.
Dizi (笛子) (instrument)
Dizi (笛子), the Chinese transverse bamboo flute, also called di or hengdi; distinguished by the dimo membrane (mirliton) over an extra hole giving a bright buzzing tone; six finger holes, bangdi and qudi regional types, central to opera, sizhu, and modern Chinese orchestra.
Dizziness
Dizziness: impaired spatial orientation covering vertigo, light-headedness, and unsteadiness; 11% one-year U.S. prevalence, classified into acute, episodic, and chronic vestibular syndromes, evaluated with the HINTS bedside examination.
Dizziness or giddiness
Dizziness, or giddiness, is an imprecise symptom covering vertigo, disequilibrium, presyncope, and lightheadedness; modern diagnosis relies on timing, triggers, HINTS examination, and targeted testing rather than symptom description.
Djillali Annane
Djillali Annane (born 1963) is a French intensivist and professor at Université Paris-Saclay who heads intensive care at Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré and led major septic shock trials.
DK1-CDG
DK1-CDG (dolichol kinase deficiency, CDG type Im) is an autosomal recessive glycosylation disorder from DOLK mutations at 9q34.11, causing dilated cardiomyopathy, hypotonia, and ichthyosis, prevalence under 1 in a million.
DKC1
DKC1 (dyskerin pseudouridine synthase 1, also DKCX or NAP57) is an Xq28 gene encoding dyskerin, which stabilizes telomerase and modifies ribosomal RNA; mutations cause X-linked dyskeratosis congenita.
DKK1
DKK1 (dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1, DKK-1), gene at 10q21.1, encodes a secreted glycoprotein that inhibits Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by binding LRP5/6 with Kremen; overexpressed in many cancers and targeted by the antibody sirexatamab (DKN-01).
DKK3
DKK3, also known as REIC, is a human protein-coding gene on chromosome 11 encoding a secreted Dickkopf-family protein whose expression is reduced in many cancers.
DKristina M. Utzschneider
Kristina M. Utzschneider is an American endocrinologist at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System in Seattle and the University of Washington who studies type 2 diabetes.
DLAT
DLAT (HGNC:2896, PDC-E2) is the human gene for dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase, the E2 core of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex on 11q23.1; its protein is the antimitochondrial autoantigen in primary biliary cholangitis and the cuproptosis target.
DLC1
DLC1 (Deleted in Liver Cancer 1, ARHGAP7, STARD12) is a tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 8p21.3-22 encoding a RhoGAP for RhoA-C and Cdc42, frequently deleted or methylated in liver, breast, and lung cancers.
DLD-1
DLD-1 (DLD1, CoCL3, ATCC CCL-221) is a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line isolated 1977-1979 from a male patient; known for clonal heterogeneity (clones A and D) and shared origin with HCT-15, HCT-8, and HRT-18.
DLG1
DLG1 (SAP97, hDlg) is a MAGUK-family scaffolding gene at human 3q29, homolog of the Drosophila discs large tumor suppressor; it organizes epithelial junctions, synapses, and glutamate receptor trafficking.
DLG4
DLG4 (PSD-95, SAP90) is a human chromosome 17 gene encoding the most abundant MAGUK scaffolding protein of excitatory synapses; pathogenic variants cause DLG4-related synaptopathy, a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder.
DLK1
DLK1 (Pref-1, FA-1), Delta Like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1: paternally expressed imprinted gene at human 14q32 in the DLK1-DIO3 cluster; encodes a six-EGF-repeat transmembrane protein that blocks adipocyte differentiation; mutations cause central precocious puberty and Temple syndrome.
DLL4
DLL4 (delta-like canonical Notch ligand 4, Dll4) is a transmembrane Notch1/Notch4 ligand, VEGF-induced brake on angiogenic sprouting, haploinsufficient-lethal in mice, linked to Adams-Oliver syndrome and targeted by the tovecimig DLL4-VEGF bispecific antibody.
DM10 domain
DM10 domain: conserved ~105-residue protein domain of unknown function (SMART SM000676, InterPro IPR006602, PROSITE PS51336), found singly in nm23-H7 nucleoside diphosphate kinases and in three copies in ciliary proteins Rib72/EFHC1.
DM13 domain
DM13 domain (InterPro IPR019545, SMART SM000686), a poorly characterized beta-strand-rich protein domain from a Drosophila novel-domain survey, found in DOMON-containing animal cytochrome-like proteins and bacteria, with a conserved cysteine possibly binding heme; unrelated to the DM sex-determination domain or the Medicago DM13 gene.
DMF index
The DMF index is a dental epidemiology measure counting permanent teeth that are decayed, missing, or filled; mean DMFT at age 12 is the WHO benchmark.
Dmitri Petrov
Dmitri A. Petrov is an evolutionary biologist and population geneticist who holds the Michelle and Kevin Douglas Professorship of Biology at Stanford University, studying genome evolution and adaptation.
Dmitri Simberg
Dmitri Simberg is a professor at the University of Colorado Anschutz School of Pharmacy who studies immune reactions to injected nanoparticles and how to prevent them.
Dmitriy M. Chudakov
Dmitriy M. Chudakov, born 1978 in Moscow, is a Russian immunologist known for immune repertoire sequencing, the MiXCR software, and TRBV9+ T cell depletion therapy for ankylosing spondylitis.
Dmitry G. Vassylyev
Dmitry G. Vassylyev is a structural biologist and professor of biochemistry at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, known for crystal structures of bacterial RNA polymerase.
Dmitry I. Gabrilovich
Dmitry I. Gabrilovich (Дмитрий Габрилович) is a Russian-born immunologist who leads translational tumor immunology at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, known for coining the term myeloid-derived suppressor cells in 2007.