Life and health

Drug-induced erythroderma

Drug-induced erythroderma (ICD-11 EH64; drug-induced exfoliative dermatitis) is erythema and scaling over >90% of body surface caused by a drug, excluding DRESS, AGEP, and TEN; latency 1–2 weeks, resolution 2–6 weeks after stopping the drug.

Drug-induced gastric ulcer

Drug-induced gastric ulcer (ICD-11 DA60.62), mainly NSAID- and aspirin-caused stomach ulceration via COX-1 inhibition and prostaglandin depletion; also potassium chloride, bisphosphonates, steroids with NSAIDs, mycophenolate; prevented by PPIs, misoprostol, COX-2 inhibitors.

Drug-induced gastritis

Drug-induced gastritis (ICD-11 DA42.83, medicament-induced gastritis) is gastric mucosal injury from drugs, chiefly NSAIDs and aspirin, via COX inhibition and topical toxicity; prevented and treated with PPIs.

Drug-induced gout

Drug-induced gout is gout that develops as a side effect of medications, usually diuretics and other drugs that reduce renal urate excretion, or that follows rapid urate lowering.

Drug-induced hypertension

Drug-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by medicines and substances ranging from NSAIDs and decongestants to corticosteroids and licorice, often reversible by discontinuing the offending agent.

Drug-induced hypotension

Drug-induced hypotension is low blood pressure caused by a medication, arising through reduced sympathetic activity, vasodilation, or diuresis; a 2025 review identified more than 250 implicated drugs.

Drug-induced lupus erythematosus

Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DIL, DILE) is a reversible, lupus-like autoimmune syndrome caused by drugs such as procainamide, hydralazine, and TNF inhibitors, marked by antihistone antibodies and resolving after drug withdrawal.

Drug-induced megaloblastic anemia

Drug-induced megaloblastic anemia is macrocytosis and megaloblastic marrow change caused by medications that interfere with folate or vitamin B12 handling or with DNA synthesis directly, with methotrexate a leading culprit.

Drug-induced myasthenia gravis

Drug-induced myasthenia gravis (ICD-11 8C60.0): MG caused de novo or worsened by drugs, via immune mechanisms (checkpoint inhibitors, penicillamine) or impaired neuromuscular transmission (macrolides, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, magnesium).

Drug-induced myopathy

Drug-induced myopathy (ICD-11 8C80) is medication-caused skeletal muscle disease, from myalgia to rhabdomyolysis. Statins are the leading cause; risk factors include interacting drugs, renal disease, and hypothyroidism.

Drug-induced myotonia

Drug-induced myotonia is delayed relaxation of skeletal muscle after contraction, caused by drugs such as colchicine, chloroquine, and statins rather than inherited disease, and it is usually reversible on withdrawal.

Drug-induced nail abnormalities

Drug-induced nail abnormalities: nail changes from toxicity to the nail matrix, bed, or periungual tissues, mainly from chemotherapy, taxanes, EGFR inhibitors, retinoids, and indinavir; usually transient, sometimes painful.

Drug-induced nonautoimmune hemolytic anemia

Drug-induced nonautoimmune hemolytic anemia, also called drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA), is rare hemolysis (about 1 per million) caused by drug-dependent antibodies, nonimmunologic protein adsorption, oxidative damage, or microangiopathy, most often from antibiotics like cefotetan, ceftriaxone, and piperacillin.

Drug-induced obesity

Drug-induced obesity (ICD-11 5B81.1), obesity caused by weight-gaining medications such as antipsychotics, antidepressants, corticosteroids, and insulin, with gains up to 10 kg at 52 weeks.

Drug-induced oesophagitis

Drug-induced oesophagitis (pill esophagitis, ICD-11 DA24.21): oesophageal inflammation from medication, usually a pill lodging and dissolving in the oesophagus; antibiotics, alendronate, NSAIDs, potassium chloride; self-limiting in 1-2 weeks.

Drug-induced osteonecrosis

Drug-induced osteonecrosis is bone death caused by medication rather than trauma or radiation; the jaw form, MRONJ, was first linked to bisphosphonates in 2003, while glucocorticoids most often damage the femoral head.

Drug-induced osteopenia

Drug-induced osteopenia (ICD-11 FB83.04) is medication-caused low bone mineral density, short of drug-induced osteoporosis. Key causes: glucocorticoids, aromatase inhibitors, ADT, PPIs, anticonvulsants, thyroxine.

Drug-induced osteoporosis

Drug-induced osteoporosis: medication-caused secondary bone loss and fractures, led by glucocorticoids (GIOP, fractures in 30-50% of chronic users), also PPIs, SSRIs, aromatase inhibitors, ADT, anticonvulsants, and thiazolidinediones.

Drug-induced parkinsonism

Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP), or iatrogenic parkinsonism, is reversible parkinsonism caused by dopamine-blocking or dopamine-depleting drugs such as antipsychotics and metoclopramide; normal DaTSCAN imaging and recovery within 6-12 months of withdrawal distinguish it from Parkinson's disease.

Drug-induced polyneuropathy

Drug-induced polyneuropathy (DIPN) is a disorder of many peripheral nerves caused by medications, typically producing numbness, tingling, and burning pain, and often triggered by chemotherapy drugs.

Drug-induced pruritus

Drug-induced pruritus, or drug-induced itch, is itching caused by medication, with or without rash, accounting for about 5% of cutaneous adverse drug reactions; key causes include opioids, chloroquine, and hydroxyethyl starch.

Sep 29, 2026

Drug-induced sleep endoscopy

Drug-induced sleep endoscopy, or DISE, examines the upper airway of a sedated patient with a flexible endoscope to locate collapse sites causing obstructive sleep apnea.

Drug-induced thrombocytopenic purpura

Drug-induced thrombocytopenic purpura (DITP, DIT) is acute severe immune platelet destruction caused by drug-dependent antibodies, typically 5-10 days after a new drug or hours after re-exposure, with nadir under 20 x 10^9/L; treated by stopping the drug.

Drug-induced urticaria

Drug-induced urticaria: hives or angioedema caused by medications, most often NSAIDs, via IgE-mediated or COX-1 pseudoallergic mechanisms; diagnosed by history and drug provocation testing, managed by avoidance, antihistamines, or alternatives.

Drug-induced vasculitis

Drug-induced vasculitis (DIV), also called medicament-induced vasculitis, is secondary blood vessel inflammation caused by drugs such as hydralazine, propylthiouracil, minocycline, and levamisole-adulterated cocaine; about 3% of vasculitides, usually small-vessel and skin-limited, treated by drug withdrawal.