Life and health

Dsup

Dsup (damage suppressor protein) is a tardigrade-unique, intrinsically disordered DNA-binding protein from Ramazzottius varieornatus, discovered in 2016, that shields DNA from radiation and reactive oxygen species and confers radiotolerance when expressed in human cells.

dTAG

dTAG is a targeted protein degradation method in which a small-molecule ligand recruits an E3 ubiquitin ligase to degrade a protein fused to an FKBP12F36V tag, typically within one to two hours.

dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase-like

dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase-like (RmlC, EC 5.1.3.13) is a cofactor-independent cupin bacterial epimerase that inverts C3 and C5 of dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylo-4-hexulose in L-rhamnose cell-wall biosynthesis and is an antibiotic drug target.

DTNBP1

DTNBP1 (BLOC1S8, HPS7), on chromosome 6p22.3, encodes dysbindin, a BLOC-1 subunit; biallelic variants cause Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 7, and the sandy mouse is its model.

DTP Vaccine

DTP vaccine, also DTwP or DTaP, is a combination vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, given as a WHO-recommended three-dose infant series starting at 6 weeks, with pentavalent DTP-Hib-HepB the most used form worldwide.

Dual antiplatelet therapy

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) combines aspirin with an oral P2Y12 inhibitor, such as clopidogrel or ticagrelor, to prevent stent thrombosis and heart attack after coronary intervention.

Dual biologic therapy

Dual biologic therapy, also called dual targeted therapy (DTT), combines two biologics blocking distinct immune pathways, used mainly for inflammatory bowel disease that has not responded to monotherapy.

Dual consciousness

Dual consciousness: the hypothesis that one person can contain two conscious subjects, tested mainly in split-brain (callosotomy) patients, where evidence remains divided between two-agents and single-agent split-perception models.

Oct 20, 2026

Dual Energy Scanned Projection Radiography

Dual Energy Scanned Projection Radiography (MeSH D015900), also called dual-energy subtraction radiography (DESR/DES), is a projection X-ray method that digitizes and subtracts high- and low-energy images to yield bone-selective and soft-tissue-selective radiographs, mainly for chest imaging.

Dual RNA-seq

Dual RNA-seq is a transcriptomics method that simultaneously sequences host and pathogen RNA from one infected sample, separating the two transcriptomes computationally rather than physically.

Dual staining

Dual staining is a histology and cytology method that detects two different targets, such as antigenic epitopes or RNA sequences, on one tissue section or cell preparation.

Dual-energy computed tomography

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) acquires CT data at two X-ray energy spectra to characterize tissue composition, yielding iodine maps, virtual non-contrast images, and virtual monoenergetic images.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, DEXA) is the standard imaging method for measuring bone mineral density using two X-ray energy peaks, diagnosing osteoporosis with a T-score of -2.5 or less, and monitoring treatment.

Dual-probe in situ hybridization

Dual-probe in situ hybridization is a molecular pathology assay that counts HER2 gene and chromosome 17 signals in the same tumor cell nuclei to detect HER2 amplification in breast cancer.

Dual-source computed tomography

Dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) is a CT technique using two X-ray tubes and detectors mounted 90° apart on one gantry, giving fast cardiac imaging and dual-energy material analysis.

Dual-specificity phosphatase

Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs, MKPs) are Cys-based protein tyrosine phosphatases with an HCX5R motif that dephosphorylate both phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine/threonine, chiefly inactivating MAPKs (ERK, JNK, p38); 10 mammalian MKPs in three localization-based subgroups regulate immunity, metabolism, cancer, and development.

Sep 21, 2026

Duane A. Compton

Duane A. Compton is an American cell and cancer biologist who served as Dean of Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine and studies chromosomal instability in tumors.

Sep 21, 2026

Duane M. Ilstrup

Duane M. Ilstrup (1946–2021) was an American medical statistician who spent his career in biostatistics at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, and wrote a 2004 handbook advising young biostatisticians.

Duane retraction syndrome

Duane retraction syndrome (Stilling-Turk-Duane syndrome) is a congenital, nonprogressive strabismus disorder with limited abduction or adduction, globe retraction, and fissure narrowing on adduction, caused by abducens nerve agenesis with aberrant oculomotor innervation of the lateral rectus.

Duard L. Walker

Duard L. Walker is an American microbiologist at the University of Wisconsin–Madison who studied cytomegalovirus attenuation and JC virus, elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1990.

Dubai chocolate

Dubai chocolate: pistachio-cream, tahini, and kataifi-filled chocolate bar created in 2021 by Fix Dessert Chocolatier (Sarah Hamouda), viral via Maria Vehera's December 2023 TikTok; drove a global pistachio demand surge and countless imitations.

Oct 20, 2026

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS, hyperbilirubinemia type 2, Dubin-Sprinz disease) is a benign autosomal recessive liver disorder from ABCC2/MRP2 mutations at 10q24, causing chronic conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, urinary coproporphyrin I over 80%, and a black pigmented liver.

Dubowitz syndrome

Dubowitz syndrome, a rare genetic disorder first described by Victor Dubowitz in 1965, features microcephaly, short stature, eczema, intellectual disability, and distinctive facies; no single gene explains it, and genomic studies find many alternative diagnoses.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), also called pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy, is an X-linked inherited disease causing rapidly progressive muscle weakness in about 1 in 3,500 boys, caused by DMD gene mutations that eliminate functional dystrophin; walking is typically lost by age 12.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy care considerations

Duchenne muscular dystrophy care considerations are consensus standards, updated in 2018 with CDC support, defining comprehensive multidisciplinary DMD care, assessment schedules, anesthesia rules, and emergency management.

Duck

Duck: waterbird of family Anatidae (Anseriformes), including mallard, pintail, and Muscovy; mallard is ancestor of nearly all domestic ducks; 34 million breeding ducks in 2025 US survey.

Duck virus enteritis

Duck virus enteritis (duck plague), caused by Anatid herpesvirus 1 (Mardivirus anatidalpha1), an acute hemorrhagic enteritis disease of ducks, geese, and swans; first described 1923 in the Netherlands, no treatment, controlled by biosecurity and attenuated vaccines.

Duck virus hepatitis

Duck virus hepatitis (DVH), also called duck viral hepatitis, is an acute, highly fatal viral disease of ducklings under 6 weeks, caused by duck hepatitis A virus genotypes and duck astroviruses, with hemorrhagic liver lesions and up to 95% mortality.

Duckweed powder

Duckweed powder, dried Lemnoideae biomass used as a plant-protein ingredient; GRAS-acknowledged in the US (GRN 742, Parabel Ltd., 2018) at 1-24 g per serving; up to 45% protein, Rubisco-based.