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Duodenal atresia
Duodenal atresia is a congenital blockage of the duodenum, occurring in 1 in 5,000 to 10,000 live births, often with Down syndrome, presenting with bilious vomiting and the double-bubble sign, treated surgically.
Duodenal cancer
Duodenal cancer, a non-ampullary small intestinal carcinoma, is a rare adenocarcinoma of the duodenum with rising incidence, poor advanced-stage survival, and dedicated Japanese treatment guidelines from 2021 and 2025.
Duodenal erosion
Duodenal erosion (ICD-11 DA63.0): a shallow mucosal breach of the duodenum not extending through the muscularis mucosae, distinct from ulcer; may precede or accompany duodenal ulcer, diagnosed by endoscopy and biopsy.
Duodenal polyp
Duodenal polyp: mucosal or submucosal growth in the duodenum, found in 0.6–5% of upper endoscopies; adenomas (10–20%) are premalignant and removed endoscopically, with bleeding and perforation risks higher than in the colon.
Duodenal switch
The duodenal switch (BPD-DS) is a bariatric operation combining sleeve gastrectomy with intestinal bypass, giving the greatest weight loss and diabetes remission among standard procedures.
Duodenal ulcer
A duodenal ulcer is a break in the lining of the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, and a form of peptic ulcer disease.
Duodenal varices
Duodenal varices, also called duodenal varix, are ectopic portosystemic collateral veins in the duodenum from portal hypertension; rare (0.2-0.4% on endoscopy), prone to massive bleeding with up to 40% mortality, treated endoscopically or by TIPS/BRTO.
Duodenectomy
Duodenectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine, performed for tumors, trauma, and duodenal polyposis in familial adenomatous polyposis.
Duodenitis
Duodenitis is inflammation of the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. Main causes are H. pylori infection, excess stomach acid, and NSAID overuse; treated with antibiotics and acid reducers.
Duodenopancreatectomy
Duodenopancreatectomy, most often called the Whipple operation or pancreaticoduodenectomy, is surgery removing the pancreatic head and duodenum, the standard treatment for pancreatic head and periampullary cancers.
Duodenoscopes
Duodenoscopes, also called ERCP endoscopes, are flexible side-viewing endoscopes passed into the duodenum for pancreatobiliary therapy; over 500,000 US ERCP procedures yearly, with reprocessing challenges and infection risk driving disposable designs.
Duodenoscopy
Duodenoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the duodenum using a flexible scope passed through the mouth; the side-viewing duodenoscope visualizes the major papilla and serves as the platform for ERCP.
Duodenostomy
Duodenostomy is a surgically created opening into the duodenum, made by placing a tube through the duodenal wall to decompress the lumen, protect a repair suture line, or drain a perforation.
Duodenum
Duodenum: first, C-shaped segment of the small intestine, 25–30 cm, from pylorus to ligament of Treitz; receives bile and pancreatic secretions via ampulla of Vater; secretes secretin, CCK, GIP; site of celiac biopsy and peptic ulcers.
Duojia Pan
Duojia Pan (潘多加), also published as Pan Duojia, is an HHMI investigator and Physiology chairman at UT Southwestern known for discovering the Hippo signaling pathway, which halts organ growth and whose failure drives tumors.
DUOX2
DUOX2 (dual oxidase 2, formerly THOX2) is a chromosome 15 gene encoding a calcium-dependent NADPH oxidase that generates hydrogen peroxide for thyroid hormone synthesis; mutations cause thyroid dyshormonogenesis-6, congenital hypothyroidism.
Dupilumab
Dupilumab (Dupixent) is a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody against IL-4Rα that blocks IL-4/IL-13 signaling. First approved 2017 for atopic dermatitis, now indicated across asthma, CRSwNP, EoE, PN, COPD, CSU, and bullous pemphigoid.
Duplex sequencing
Duplex sequencing is an error-corrected DNA sequencing method, introduced in 2012, that tags and reads both strands of every molecule to suppress errors by several orders of magnitude.
Duplex ultrasonography
Duplex ultrasonography is a diagnostic imaging technique combining B-mode vessel imaging with pulsed-wave Doppler flow measurement, the modality of choice for deep vein thrombosis and carotid stenosis.
Duplication of the pituitary gland
Duplication of the pituitary gland (DPG, hypophyseal duplication, DPG-plus syndrome) is an ultra-rare midline malformation with duplicated pituitary stalks and glands in a duplicated sella, plus craniofacial, vertebral, vascular, and endocrine anomalies.
Duplication of ureter
Duplication of ureter (duplex kidney, double ureter, ICD-11 LB31.A, ICD-10 Q62.5) is a congenital anomaly with two ureters draining one kidney; complete or incomplete forms follow the Weigert-Meyer rule and may cause reflux, ureterocele, or obstruction.
Duplication of urethra
Duplication of urethra (urethral duplication, ORPHA:237) is a rare congenital anomaly with two urethral channels, classified by Effmann types I-III, affecting mainly boys, causing UTIs, double stream, or incontinence, treated individually by surgery.
Duplications of chromosome 21
Duplications of chromosome 21, also called partial or segmental trisomy 21, are extra copies of all or part of Hsa21 (ICD-11 LD41). Rare (~200 reported cases), they underpin Down syndrome critical region mapping and gene dosage research.
Duplodnaviria
Duplodnaviria is an ICTV virus realm (established 2020) of dsDNA viruses with HK97-fold major capsid proteins, terminase packaging, and portal proteins, spanning tailed bacterial and archaeal viruses (Caudoviricetes) and herpesviruses (Herviviricetes).
Dupuytren's contracture
Dupuytren's contracture: fibrotic thickening of palmar fascia bending fingers (ring, little) into the palm; no cure. Treatments are fasciectomy, needle fasciotomy, collagenase injection; surgery most durable, higher recurrence with needle techniques.
Dura mater
Dura mater (hard mother, pachymeninx): tough outermost meninx of brain and spinal cord, with cranial periosteal and meningeal layers forming venous sinuses and folds like the falx cerebri and tentorium.
Durable Medical Equipment
Durable medical equipment (DME) is reusable home-use medical equipment such as wheelchairs, hospital beds, and oxygen equipment, defined for Medicare by 42 CFR 414.202's five conditions and paid under Part B with 20% coinsurance.
Dural arteriovenous fistula
A dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is an abnormal artery-to-vein connection in the dura mater covering the brain or spinal cord, most common around age 50 to 60.
Dural sinus malformation with arteriovenous shunt
Dural sinus malformation with arteriovenous shunt (DSM, ORPHA:97339), a rare congenital neurovascular malformation with massively dilated dural sinuses and AV shunts, presenting in neonates and infants with macrocrania, heart failure, or hemorrhage.
Durania
Durania is an extinct genus of box-shaped rudist bivalves established by Maurice Douvillé in 1908, whose fossils span the last 45 million years of the Cretaceous from the Caribbean to Tibet.