72,234 articles
Dwarf coconut
Dwarf coconut (Cocos nucifera var. nana), short self-pollinating coconut palm cultivars from Southeast Asia; 5–9 m tall, bears in 3–5 years, poor copra but used in D×T hybrids and tender coconut water.
Dwarf elephant
Dwarf elephants, extinct insular elephantids such as Palaeoloxodon falconeri and Mammuthus creticus, evolved from mainland ancestors via island rule dwarfism on Mediterranean and other islands, some only 1 m tall.
Dwarf wedgemussel
Dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon, Prolasmidonta heterodon), a small endangered Atlantic-slope freshwater mussel from North Carolina to New Brunswick; extirpated in Canada after the Petitcodiac causeway blocked its American Shad host.
Dwarfism
Dwarfism, also called short stature or little person, is adult height of 4'10" (147 cm) or less from over 300 genetic or medical conditions; achondroplasia (FGFR3 mutation) is the most common cause, now with targeted drugs vosoritide and navepegritide.
Dwight E. Bergles
Dwight E. Bergles is an American neuroscientist and professor at Johns Hopkins who studies how glial cells communicate with neurons, how myelin forms and repairs, and how spontaneous electrical activity shapes the developing auditory system.
Dwight E. Harken
Dwight E. Harken (1910–1993) was an American cardiac surgeon at Harvard Medical School who pioneered surgery inside the beating heart and performed the first aortic valve replacement.
Dwight Ingle
Dwight Joyce Ingle (1907–1978) was an American endocrinologist and professor of physiology at the University of Chicago known for the permissive concept of hormone action and adrenal cortex research.
Dwight J. Rouse
Dwight J. Rouse is an American maternal-fetal medicine specialist, professor at Brown University and Women & Infants Hospital, known for the 2008 NEJM magnesium sulfate trial.
Dwight L. Wilbur
Dwight Locke Wilbur (1903–1997) was an American gastroenterologist in San Francisco and Stanford clinical professor who, as American Medical Association president from 1968 to 1969, helped ease its opposition to Medicare.
DXP reductoisomerase
DXP reductoisomerase (DXR, IspC, EC 1.1.1.267) is the NADPH- and divalent-metal-dependent enzyme catalyzing the first committed MEP-pathway step, DXP to MEP, and the target of the antibiotic fosmidomycin.
Dyann F. Wirth
Dyann F. Wirth is an American malariologist and molecular parasitologist, the Richard Pearson Strong Professor at Harvard, known for her work on malaria parasite genetics and drug resistance.
Dyanne D. Affonso
Dyanne D. Affonso is an American nurse-scientist and clinical psychologist whose research made postpartum depression an NIH women's health priority; she was named a Living Legend in 2025.
Dyckia
Dyckia Schult. & Schult.f. is a genus of about 192 accepted xeromorphic bromeliad species native from Brazil to northern Argentina, with succulent spiny leaves, CAM photosynthesis, and yellow to orange flowers; also called dyckia or sawblade (D. brevifolia).
Dyclonine
Dyclonine, marketed as Dyclone and DycloPro, is a ketone-class topical local anesthetic used to numb the mouth, throat, and airway, sold over the counter in Sucrets lozenges.
DYDJI trial
DYDJI trial (NCT01180452), a GETAID prospective French multicentre cohort study of endoscopic chromoendoscopy screening for small bowel dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in 101 high-risk jejuno-ileal Crohn's disease patients; 4% prevalence, 33% sensitivity, screening not recommended.
Dydrogesterone
Dydrogesterone (Duphaston, Femoston) is a synthetic retroprogesterone progestogen developed by Philips-Duphar in 1959, used with estradiol in menopausal hormone therapy and for IVF luteal phase support; oral doses 10–20 times lower than progesterone, no androgenic or glucocorticoid activity.
Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen disease
Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen disease (DMC, DYM syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia with short-trunk dwarfism, microcephaly, intellectual disability, double-humped vertebrae, and lacy iliac crests, caused by DYM gene mutations.
Dyhia Belhabib
Dyhia Belhabib is an Algerian-trained fisheries scientist at Ecotrust Canada in Vancouver who estimates illegal fishing by reconstructing national catch records and building criminal-history databases of fishing vessels.
Dynactin
Dynactin is a 1 MDa, 23-subunit protein complex required to activate cytoplasmic dynein-1 for processive microtubule minus-end transport. Built on an Arp1 filament with p150Glued, it needs coiled-coil adaptors like BICD2 or Hook3 to activate dynein.
Dynamic causal modeling
Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) is a Bayesian framework in neuroimaging that fits generative models of directed neural interactions to fMRI data, estimating effective connectivity for cognitive and resting-state studies.
Dynamic computed tomography
Dynamic computed tomography (dynamic CT) is a time-resolved form of CT that rapidly scans the same tissue after IV contrast, measuring blood flow and volume.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT
Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT (DCE-CT) is a computed tomography technique that acquires a rapid series of scans after intravenous iodinated contrast injection to quantify blood flow, blood volume, and permeability.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is an MRI technique that rapidly images tissue before, during, and after gadolinium injection to quantify perfusion and vascular permeability, chiefly in oncology.
Dynamic functional connectivity
Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) is a neuroimaging analysis method that measures how statistical dependence between brain regions' activity changes over the course of an fMRI scan.
Dynamic PET
Dynamic PET is a nuclear medicine imaging method that records PET data continuously after tracer injection, fitting tracer kinetics to quantify physiological rate constants rather than a single static image.
Dynamic posturography
Dynamic posturography is a clinical assessment that measures postural sway and balance reactions while visual and support-surface cues are perturbed, quantifying the sensory and motor contributions to balance.
Dynamin
Dynamin (DNM1, DNM2, DNM3) is a 100-kDa large GTPase that forms helical polymers around endocytic bud necks and catalyzes GTP-dependent membrane fission in clathrin-mediated endocytosis; mutations cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and centronuclear myopathy.
Dynamin, GTPase domain
Dynamin GTPase domain (G domain, InterPro IPR001401): the ~300-residue N-terminal GTP-binding/hydrolysis engine of dynamin superfamily proteins; dimerizes head-to-head with GDP·AlF4−, uses a catalytic cation instead of an arginine finger, and powers membrane fission.
Dynamitin
Dynamitin (p50, DCTN2) is the 50-kDa dynactin subunit forming a shoulder tetramer that docks p150Glued to the Arp1 filament; its overexpression disassembles dynactin and inhibits dynein motility.
Dynamometry
Dynamometry is the quantitative measurement of the force or torque a muscle produces, using handheld or fixed devices to assess neuromuscular function and track rehabilitation progress.