72,234 articles
Ductal carcinoma in situ of breast
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), also called stage 0 or intraductal breast cancer, is abnormal cells confined to milk ducts. Treated with lumpectomy plus radiation, mastectomy, or endocrine therapy; COMET trial supports monitoring for low-risk cases.
Ductography
Ductography, also called galactography, is a breast imaging test in which contrast is injected into a discharging milk duct before mammography to evaluate pathologic nipple discharge.
Ductus arteriosus
Ductus arteriosus: fetal vessel linking pulmonary artery and aorta; normally closes 24-72 hours after birth via oxygen rise and prostaglandin E2 fall. Persistent patency (PDA) affects 0.3-0.8% of term infants, up to 80% of those born before 28 weeks.
Ductus venosus
Ductus venosus: fetal vessel connecting the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, shunting oxygenated placental blood past the liver; closes after birth to form the ligamentum venosum; key Doppler marker in fetal growth restriction.
Ducula
Ducula, imperial pigeons or Pacific Pigeons, is a genus of about 36-39 large frugivorous Columbidae pigeons of Asia and the Pacific, sister group context with Ptilinopus, important seed dispersers, including D. aenea and D. galeata.
Dudley J. Pennell
Dudley J. Pennell, also known as Dudley Pennell, is a British cardiologist and Emeritus Professor at Imperial College London who pioneered cardiovascular magnetic resonance, including the T2 technique for measuring cardiac iron.
Dudley K. Strickland
Dudley K. Strickland is an American cell biologist and vascular researcher at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, known for identifying the receptor LRP1 and discovering RAP.
Dudley W. Lamming
Dudley W. Lamming is an American biologist at the University of Wisconsin–Madison who studies how nutrient-sensing pathways, especially mTOR and dietary isoleucine, control metabolism and aging.
Dugdha vati (afi afi-dugdavati)
Dugdha vati (Dugdha vaṭī, AFI000014), a classical Ayurvedic herbo-mineral pill for shotha (edema), anemia, and jaundice; contains purified cinnabar, Datura metel, and Tinospora or Aconitum ferox; 60 mg dose.
Dugong
Dugong (Dugong dugon), sea cow, the only living dugongid sirenian; a Vulnerable seagrass-grazing marine mammal of the Indo-Pacific, with Critically Endangered East African and Endangered New Caledonian subpopulations and its largest population in Australia.
Dukan Diet
Dukan Diet (Régime Dukan), a high-protein, low-carb four-phase weight loss plan by French physician Pierre Dukan, published in 2000; trials show greater 12-month weight loss than low-calorie diets but lean mass loss, and Dukan was struck off the French medical register.
Dukinfield Henry Scott
Dukinfield Henry Scott (1854–1934) was a British botanist and paleobotanist who led the Jodrell Laboratory at Kew and co-described the Paleozoic seed Lagenostoma Lomaxi in 1904.
Dukoral
Dukoral (WC-rBS) is an inactivated oral cholera vaccine with killed Vibrio cholerae O1 whole cells plus recombinant cholera toxin B subunit, developed in Sweden, licensed 1991, WHO prequalified 2001, given with buffer, mainly for travelers.
Dulaglutide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity), Eli Lilly's once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist injection for type 2 diabetes, approved in 2014; REWIND trial showed 12% fewer major cardiovascular events (HR 0.88) with boxed thyroid C-cell tumor warning.
Dulce de leche
Dulce de leche (doce de leite, cajeta, arequipe, manjar) is a Latin American milk caramel made by heating milk with sugar via Maillard reactions; regional names, regulations, origin dispute, and uses differ by country.
Duloxetine
Duloxetine (Cymbalta), an Eli Lilly serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor approved by the FDA in 2004 for depression and later for anxiety, fibromyalgia, and diabetic nerve pain; modest short-term benefit, notable nausea and withdrawal effects.
Dumbbell
Dumbbell: a short hand-held free weight with a mass at each end, named for silent 16th-century bell-ringing practice apparatus; Greek origins, Victorian school use, adjustable modern designs, and EMG-documented stabilizer demands.
Dumetella
Dumetella is a monotypic bird genus in the mockingbird and thrasher family Mimidae, established by C. T. Wood in 1837 and holding only the Gray Catbird, Dumetella carolinensis.
Dumortieria
Dumortieria, ammonite genus (Haug, 1885), type species Ammonites levesquei d'Orbigny 1844; moderately evolute, keeled Late Toarcian ammonoid found almost worldwide in Levesquei Zone correlatives.
Dumping syndrome
Dumping syndrome: postprandial gastrointestinal and vasomotor symptoms from rapid gastric emptying after esophageal, gastric, or bariatric surgery; early (within 30 min) and late (hypoglycemic, 1-3 h) forms; diagnosed by modified OGTT; treated with diet, acarbose, somatostatin analogues.
Dunaliella bardawil
Dunaliella bardawil, a halotolerant green microalga isolated near Bardawil lagoon, Israel, in 1976; a form of D. salina that accumulates over 10% dry weight beta-carotene and is GRAS (GRN 351) as a food ingredient.
Duncan J. Stewart
Duncan J. Stewart is a Canadian cardiologist and regenerative medicine researcher who led the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute as CEO and Scientific Director from 2007 to 2024.
Duncan Odom
Duncan T. Odom is a genomics researcher known for showing that tissue-specific transcription factor binding evolves rapidly between mammals, and for experimental studies of cancer genome evolution.
Duncan P. Thomas
Duncan P. Thomas is a hematologist and thrombosis researcher known for work on pulmonary embolism, platelet aggregation, and heparin, who taught at Tufts and later worked in England.
Duncan vB. Neuhauser
Duncan Neuhauser was an American health services researcher and professor emeritus at Case Western Reserve University, known for clinical decision analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and quality measurement.
Dung beetle
Dung beetle (Scarabaeinae): scarab beetles that feed on and bury animal dung; over 8,000 species, ~600 ball rollers. Known for sun, polarization, and Milky Way compass navigation, ecosystem services, and forest-loss sensitivity.
Dung T. Le
Dung T. Le (Dung Thi Le) is a gastrointestinal oncologist and professor at Johns Hopkins whose trials produced the first US cancer approval based on a tumor's genetic feature, in 2017.
Dungeness crab
Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister, Cancer magister) is a large edible west coast North American crab from Alaska to California, basis of a 3S-managed fishery worth over $200 million annually.
Dunkleosteus
Dunkleosteus is an extinct genus of large armored fish (placoderm) that lived 415–360 million years ago, with the species Dunkleosteus terrelli a top predator of Late Devonian seas.
Dunnock
Dunnock (Prunella modularis), also called hedge sparrow or hedge accentor, a small Eurasian accentor of hedgerows and gardens, known for its variable polyandrous mating system, cloaca-pecking, blue eggs, and UK Amber-listed 43% population decline.