Life and health

Dry beriberi

Dry beriberi (乾性脚気, ICD-11 5B5A.00) is the neurologic form of thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, causing symmetric stocking-glove polyneuropathy with burning feet, unlike wet beriberi's heart failure; treated with thiamine.

Sep 29, 2026

Dry cow therapy

Dry cow therapy is the infusion of long-acting antibiotics into a dairy cow's teats at the end of lactation, curing existing udder infections and preventing new ones.

Dry eye syndrome

Dry eye syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, dry eye disease): multifactorial loss of tear film homeostasis causing burning, blurry vision, and surface damage; affects about 8% of US adults, treated with artificial tears, anti-inflammatory drops, and devices.

Dry heat sterilization

Dry heat sterilization kills microorganisms with hot air (160–180°C cycles) by oxidation, for items steam cannot treat: powders, oils, glass, sharp metal instruments; also used for depyrogenation and NASA spacecraft hardware.

Dry needling

Dry needling, also called intramuscular stimulation, is a technique in which thin, solid needles are inserted into myofascial trigger points without injecting any drug, used to treat neuromusculoskeletal pain.

Dry Powder Inhalers

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are propellant-free, breath-actuated inhaler devices delivering powdered asthma and COPD drugs to the lungs; lineage runs from the 1948 Aerohalor and 1967 Spinhaler to over 20 marketed devices with pMDI-equivalent efficacy.

Oct 22, 2026

Dry-crosslinking tough tissue adhesives

Dry-crosslinking tough tissue adhesives bond to wet tissue by absorbing interfacial water and then forming physical and covalent crosslinks, introduced as MIT's 2019 dry double-sided tape.

Dryas

Dryas is a genus of dwarf shrubs in the rose family, native to subarctic and subalpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere and best known for the mountain avens.

Dryas octopetala

Dryas octopetala, mountain avens or eightpetal mountain-avens, is a circumpolar arctic-alpine evergreen subshrub of Rosaceae with usually eight-petaled white flowers; it names the Older and Younger Dryas cold periods and is Iceland's national flower.

Dryinidae

Dryinidae (pincer wasps, dryinid wasps), family of solitary chrysidoid wasps; larvae parasitize Auchenorrhyncha hoppers; females bear pincer-like fore tarsi; over 1900 species worldwide except Antarctica.

Dryland farming

Dryland farming, also called dry farming, is rain-fed semiarid agriculture conserving soil moisture without irrigation, practiced where rainfall is often under 10-12 inches; known for Great Plains history, fallowing, and conservation tillage.

Drymaria arenarioides

Drymaria arenarioides (alfombrilla, lightning weed, sandwort drymary), a Caryophyllaceae perennial herb native to Mexico; federal noxious weed, saponins toxic to cattle, sheep, and goats.

Dryobates

Dryobates (Boie, 1826), meaning tree walker, is a woodpecker genus of Picidae holding the lesser spotted, downy, Nuttall's, and ladder-backed woodpeckers after the 2025 split that moved six species to Leuconotopicus and fourteen to Veniliornis.

Dryocampa rubicunda

Dryocampa rubicunda, the rosy maple moth (green-striped mapleworm as larva), a small pink-and-yellow nocturnal Saturniidae moth of eastern North America, sole species of Dryocampa, whose caterpillars feed on maple and oak and occasionally defoliate trees.

Dryocopus

Dryocopus (Boie, 1826) is a genus of large, powerful excavating woodpeckers in Picidae, type species the Black Woodpecker D. martius; includes pileatus, lineatus, javensis, hodgei, schulzii; Mulleripicus merged in, Helmeted Woodpecker moved to Celeus.

Dryocosmus kuriphilus

Dryocosmus kuriphilus (kuri-tamabachi), the Asian chestnut gall wasp, is a thelytokous cynipid gall wasp native to China and the worst chestnut pest worldwide, causing up to 80% yield loss and controlled mainly by Torymus sinensis.

Dryophthoridae

Dryophthoridae, validly Dryophthorinae, palm weevils: pantropical Curculionidae subfamily with over 1,200 species in 153 genera, pests of palms, bananas, and stored grain, sister to Platypodinae.

Dryopidae

Dryopidae, the long-toed water beetles (synonym Parnidae), is a family of about 300 small beetle species in 33 genera whose aquatic adults cling with long claws and breathe via a plastron while larvae are terrestrial.

Dryopteridaceae

Dryopteraceae, the wood fern family, is one of the largest terrestrial and epiphytic fern families, typified by Dryopteris, containing over 2,100 species and x=41 spores.

Dryopteris

Dryopteris (wood ferns, buckler ferns), genus Adanson 1763 in Dryopteridaceae, about 400 species, x=41, scaly rhizomes and reniform indusia; includes male fern D. filix-mas and absorbed genera Acrophorus, Diacalpe, Dryopsis, Nothoperanema, Peranema.

Dryopteris filix-mas

Dryopteris filix-mas, the male fern, a circumboreal deciduous wood fern (Dryopteridaceae) with 2-pinnate fronds to 1.2 m; allotetraploid from D. caucasica and D. oreades; RHS Award of Garden Merit; NatureServe G5.

Dryopteris marginalis

Dryopteris marginalis, marginal wood fern or marginal shield fern, is an evergreen Dryopteridaceae fern native from Greenland and Canada to the USA, growing in rocky, boulderfield temperate forests with sori along pinna margins.

DS009

DS009, also known as SLTE-1009, is a monoclonal antibody targeting PACAP for migraine prevention, discovered by Dartsbio Pharmaceuticals in Zhongshan, China, and licensed to Slate Medicines in February 2026.

DSBA-like thioredoxin domain

DSBA-like thioredoxin domain (InterPro IPR001853, Pfam PF01323): thioredoxin-fold domain of bacterial DsbA disulfide-forming enzymes, with a CXXC active site, an inserted helical cap, and roles in virulence and anti-virulence drug targeting.

DSC E3 ubiquitin ligase complex subunit 3

DSC E3 ubiquitin ligase complex subunit 3 (Dsc3, DSC3_YEAST, Q12015) is a 292-amino-acid transmembrane yeast protein that recruits the Tul1 RING E3 ligase to the Dsc Golgi/endosome/vacuole ubiquitin ligase complex; unrelated to human desmocollin 3.

DSC1

DSC1 (desmocollin 1, CDHF1) is a human chromosome 18q12.1 gene encoding a calcium-dependent desmosomal cadherin of suprabasal epidermal layers; autoantigen in SPD-type IgA pemphigus, distinct from DSC2 and DSC3.

DSG1

DSG1 (desmoglein 1, HGNC:3048) is a human gene at 18q12.1 encoding a desmosomal cadherin of superficial epidermis; mutated in striate palmoplantar keratoderma and SAM syndrome, targeted in pemphigus foliaceus.

DSG3

DSG3 (desmoglein 3, HGNC 3050, 18q12.1) encodes a desmosomal cadherin of suprabasal keratinocytes and is the autoantigen of pemphigus vulgaris; aliases PVA, CDHF6.