72,234 articles
Echinoderms of Europe and the North Atlantic
The echinoderms of Europe and the North Atlantic are the living starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers of European shelf seas and adjacent Atlantic, about 1,149 species.
Echinoderms of New Zealand
New Zealand's seas hold 617 known echinoderm species, from intertidal rock pools to the deep sea, with strong endemism and signature species like the kina.
Echinoderms of South Africa
Echinoderms of South Africa: sea stars, sea urchins, brittle stars, sea cucumbers and crinoids of the South African EEZ. Over 400 southern African species, 74 echinoids, 163 holothuroids; fauna mostly Indo-Pacific with strong endemism.
Echinoderms of Sri Lanka
Echinoderms of Sri Lanka: sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and related marine invertebrates of Sri Lankan waters; 66 verified echinoid species, 178 shallow-water echinoderm species, and an over-exploited sea cucumber fishery.
Echinoderms of Venezuela
Echinoderms of Venezuela: sea stars, brittle stars, urchins, and sea cucumbers of Venezuelan waters; 234 listed species, mostly Caribbean coast, with 28 species recently documented in the Gulf of Venezuela.
Echinostomatidae
Echinostomatidae, a family of spined parasitic flatworms known as echinostomes, was established by Arthur Looss in 1899 and causes echinostomiasis, a food-borne intestinal disease found mainly in the Far East.
Echinus esculentus
Echinus esculentus, the edible or common sea urchin (Linnaeus, 1758), is a large pinkish-red globular urchin of the northeast Atlantic from Norway to Portugal, grazing kelp and encrusting fauna from low water to about 40 m; IUCN Near Threatened globally, Least Concern in Great Britain.
Echis
Echis, saw-scaled or carpet vipers, a genus of small African-Middle Eastern-South Asian vipers; 12-13 species in four complexes; SVMP-rich procoagulant venom causing consumption coagulopathy; deadliest snake genus by kill count; antivenom is region-specific.
Echis carinatus
Echis carinatus, the saw-scaled viper, is a small, highly venomous viper from North Africa to South Asia, among the leading causes of snakebite death in India.
Echium
Echium, borage family genus of 68 species native to Macaronesia, Europe, and North Africa; known for Canary Island adaptive radiation, insular woodiness, giant rosette trees like E. wildpretii, and pyrrolizidine alkaloid defenses.
Echium vulgare
Echium vulgare, viper's bugloss or blueweed, is a Eurasian Boraginaceae biennial with violet-blue flowers, pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity to livestock, and noxious-weed status in parts of North America and Australia.
Echiura
Echiura, spoon worms or innkeeper worms, are unsegmented marine annelids with a long extendable proboscis; about 198 accepted species, burrowing deposit and filter feeders from intertidal to 10,000 m depths.
Echo-planar imaging
Echo-planar imaging (EPI) is a fast MRI pulse sequence, proposed by Peter Mansfield in 1977, that acquires images in tens of milliseconds and underlies fMRI and diffusion imaging.
Echocardiography
Echocardiography, also known as cardiac ultrasound, is a non-invasive test using ultrasound waves to image the heart, developed by Inge Edler and Carl Hertz in Sweden in 1953.
Echoencephalography
Echoencephalography: A-mode ultrasound technique, introduced by Lars Leksell (1953-1956), measuring midline brain echoes, especially the pineal, to detect shift from intracranial masses; superseded by CT.
Echogenic intracardiac focus
Echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF): a small bright spot under 6 mm in a fetal cardiac ventricle on second-trimester ultrasound, a soft marker for trisomy 21 found in 3–5% of normal fetuses, managed as a normal variant after negative screening.
Echolalia
Echolalia, the immediate or delayed repetition of others' speech, is common in autism (estimates 25–91%), appears in typical early language development, and occurs in aphasia, Tourette syndrome, schizophrenia, and other conditions; increasingly viewed as communicative.
ECHOPP study
ECHOPP (NCT04348734), Management of Parapneumonic Pleurisy Guided by an Early Pleural Ultrasound: completed French prospective multicentre observational cohort of 115 adults with pneumonia, testing daily pleural ultrasound for 96 hours with an algorithm-guided drainage strategy.
Echothiophate
Echothiophate iodide (Phospholine Iodide), an irreversible organophosphate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor eye drop, lowers intraocular pressure in open-angle and aphakic glaucoma and treats accommodative esotropia; long-acting, scarce supply.
Eckard Wimmer
Eckard Wimmer is a virologist and Stony Brook University professor known for poliovirus research and for leading the first chemical synthesis of an infectious virus in 2002.
Eckhard Jankowsky
Eckhard Jankowsky is an RNA biochemist known for his work on RNA helicases, enzymes that use ATP to remodel RNA and RNA-protein complexes; he was a professor at Case Western Reserve University until 2022.
Eckhard Lammert
Eckhard Lammert is a German biochemist and metabolic physiologist who studies blood vessel signaling to the pancreas and liver, directing the Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology in Düsseldorf.
Eclampsia
Eclampsia in pregnancy: new-onset unexplained seizures in a woman with pre-eclampsia, occurring before, during, or after delivery. Treated with magnesium sulfate plus antihypertensives; prevented by low-dose aspirin and calcium.
Eclampsia in the puerperium
Eclampsia in the puerperium (postpartum eclampsia, ICD-11 JA25.2): grand mal seizures from hypertensive disorder of pregnancy after delivery, up to 6 weeks postpartum; treated with magnesium sulfate; 21-40% of eclampsia cases.
Eclectus
Eclectus (Eclectus Wagler, 1832), eclectus parrots: a parrot genus of Oceania with four extant species (Moluccan, Sumba, Tanimbar, Papuan) plus extinct E. infectus; green males, red females, cooperative breeding, male-biased sex ratio.
eCLIP
eCLIP, or enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation, is a molecular biology method mapping RNA-binding protein contacts transcriptome-wide at single-nucleotide resolution, introduced by Van Nostrand in 2016.
ECLIPSE study
ECLIPSE (Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate End-points) was a GlaxoSmithKline-funded, 3-year observational cohort study (NCT00292552) of 2,164 COPD patients plus controls, which established COPD heterogeneity, the frequent exacerbator phenotype, biomarkers, and 8-year mortality markers.
Eclipta prostrata
Eclipta prostrata (false daisy, bhringraj; syn. Eclipta alba) is an Asteraceae herb of moist tropical habitats, used in Ayurveda and TCM, with coumestans such as wedelolactone as key phytochemicals.
Eclosion hormone
Eclosion hormone (EH) is a 62-amino-acid insect neuropeptide that triggers ecdysis, the shedding of the old cuticle at each molt's end; it was discovered in 1970 in silk moths.
ECM1
ECM1 (extracellular matrix protein 1, URBWD) is a secreted 85-kDa glycoprotein gene on human chromosome 1q21.2 with four splice variants; loss-of-function mutations cause lipoid proteinosis, and autoantibodies target it in lichen sclerosus.