72,234 articles
Ehud Ahissar
Ehud Ahissar is a neuroscientist and emeritus professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, known for research on active sensing and whisker-based tactile perception.
Ehud Y. Isacoff
Ehud Y. Isacoff is a neuroscientist at UC Berkeley who studies ion channels, synapse assembly, and chemical optogenetics, and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2018.
Eichhornia crassipes
Eichhornia crassipes, water hyacinth, now Pontederia crassipes, is a South American floating aquatic plant, one of the world's worst invasive weeds, controlled by Neochetina weevils and used for bioenergy and bioremediation.
Eicke Latz
Eicke Latz, born 1970 in Wiesbaden, is a German immunologist known for NLRP3 inflammasome research; since 2023 he has led the German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin.
Eicosanoids
Eicosanoids: lipid signaling molecules made from 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids, chiefly arachidonic acid, via COX, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 pathways; includes prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.
Eicosapentaenoic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) is a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid from fish oil, precursor of prostaglandin-3 and resolvins; as icosapent ethyl it lowers triglycerides and reduces cardiovascular mortality, unlike mixed EPA/DHA.
Eidolon
Eidolon (Rafinesque, 1815) is a genus of two large Old World fruit bats, E. helvum and E. dupreanum, sole genus of subfamily Eidolinae, long phylogenetically unstable and now placed as sister to Rousettinae.
EIF2
EIF2 (eukaryotic initiation factor 2) is a heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein, subunits alpha, beta, gamma, that delivers initiator Met-tRNA to the 40S ribosomal subunit; its alpha subunit phosphorylation by HRI, PKR, PERK, GCN2 drives the integrated stress response.
EIF2AK2
EIF2AK2 (Gene ID 5610, 2p22.2) encodes PKR, a 551 aa interferon-induced serine/threonine kinase activated by dsRNA binding and dimerization that phosphorylates eIF2α Ser51 to block translation; variants cause dystonia.
EIF2AK3
EIF2AK3, also called PERK (PKR-like ER kinase), is a human chromosome 2p11.2 gene encoding an ER transmembrane kinase that phosphorylates eIF2α at Ser51 to repress translation during ER stress; loss-of-function mutations cause Wolcott-Rallison syndrome.
EIF2AK4
EIF2AK4 (GCN2, KIAA1338, PVOD2), human gene at 15q15.1 encoding the eIF2α kinase GCN2, activated by uncharged tRNAs during amino acid starvation; biallelic loss-of-function mutations cause autosomal recessive pulmonary veno-occlusive disease.
EIF2B
eIF2B is a five-subunit guanine nucleotide exchange factor that recycles eIF2–GDP into eIF2–GTP, restarting translation initiation; phosphorylated eIF2α inhibits it, triggering the integrated stress response.
EIF2S1
EIF2S1 (eIF2α, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha, Gene ID 1965) is the 36-kD alpha subunit of human eIF2, phosphorylated at Ser51 by the four integrated stress response kinases PERK, PKR, GCN2, and HRI to inhibit translation.
EIF2S2
EIF2S2 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit beta, eIF2β, MIM 603908) is a human chromosome 20 gene encoding the 38-kDa beta subunit of eIF2, which delivers initiator tRNA to the 40S ribosomal subunit and carries K-box and zinc-finger domains for eIF5 and eIF2B binding.
EIF3B
EIF3B, also known as PRT1 or EIF3S9, is a human gene on chromosome 7 that encodes eIF3b, the central scaffolding subunit of translation initiation factor 3.
EIF4A
eIF4A (eukaryotic initiation factor 4A) is a DEAD-box RNA helicase of the eIF4F complex that unwinds mRNA 5′UTR structures; targeted by rocaglates, hippuristanol, and pateamine A, with zotatifin in clinical trials.
EIF4A1
EIF4A1, also called DDX2A, encodes eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1, an ATP-dependent RNA helicase of the DEAD-box family that unwinds 5' UTR structures during translation initiation and is targeted in cancer drug development.
EIF4A3
EIF4A3 (eIF4AIII, DDX48) is a human DEAD-box RNA helicase at 17q25.3 that, despite its name, is not a translation factor but the core RNA-clamp of the exon junction complex, essential for nonsense-mediated decay; 5'UTR repeat expansions cause Richieri-Costa-Pereira syndrome.
EIF4E
EIF4E (eIF4E1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E) is the 25-kDa mRNA cap-binding subunit of eIF4F that recruits ribosomes to the m7G cap; rate-limiting for initiation, proto-oncogene at 4q23, regulated by 4E-BPs and Mnk phosphorylation.
EIF4EBP1
EIF4EBP1 (4E-BP1, PHAS-I) is a human gene encoding a translation repressor that binds eIF4E; mTORC1 phosphorylates it at Thr37/46/Ser65/Thr70, and its dysregulation marks prognosis in HCC and other cancers.
EIF4G
EIF4G (eukaryotic initiation factor 4G) is the scaffolding protein of the eIF4F complex, which recruits ribosomes to messenger RNA; mammals encode three forms, eIF4G1, eIF4G2, and eIF4G3.
EIF4G2
EIF4G2 (eIF4G2, DAP5, Nat1, p97) is a human noncanonical translation initiation factor, an eIF4G1 homolog lacking eIF4E binding, that supports IRES-driven and eIF4E-independent cap-dependent translation and is implicated in cancer.
EIF5A
EIF5A (eIF5A1, formerly eIF-4D) is an essential eukaryotic translation factor, the only protein carrying hypusine, formed by DHPS and DOHH from spermidine at lysine 50; it promotes elongation, especially at polyproline motifs, and termination.
Eigengrau
Eigengrau (Eigenlicht, dark light, brain gray) is the intrinsic dark gray seen in total darkness, a term credited to Gustav Fechner, caused by spontaneous retinal dark noise from visual pigment and phototransduction fluctuations.
Eiichi Ohtsubo
Eiichi Ohtsubo (大坪 栄一) was a Japanese molecular geneticist known for sequencing bacterial insertion sequences and transposon Tn3, largely at Stony Brook and the University of Tokyo.
Eiichi Saitoh (才藤栄一)
Eiichi Saitoh (才藤栄一, born 1955) is a Japanese rehabilitation medicine physician, Professor Emeritus and former president of Fujita Health University, known for dysphagia research, stroke rehabilitation, and assistive robotics.
Eike Nagel
Eike Nagel, born 1967 in Cologne, is a German cardiologist who directs cardiovascular imaging at Goethe University Frankfurt, known for stress cardiac MRI and the 2019 MR-INFORM trial.
Eiken syndrome
Eiken syndrome (EKNS, Eiken skeletal dysplasia, OMIM 600002) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia from biallelic PTH1R mutations, marked by severely delayed ossification of epiphyses, pelvis, hands, and feet, abnormal bone modeling, mild short stature, and mild PTH resistance.
Eikenella
Eikenella, a genus of gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rods (type species Eikenella corrodens, formerly Bacteroides corrodens) in family Neisseriaceae; human oral and intestinal flora, HACEK endocarditis and human bite infections, clindamycin-resistant.
Eikenella corrodens
Eikenella corrodens (HACEK group, Neisseriaceae) is a fastidious facultative Gram-negative rod of human oral flora, named for corroding agar colonies; it causes human bite wound infections, head and neck abscesses, and rare endocarditis.