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Egg case (Chondrichthyes)
Egg case (Chondrichthyes), also called mermaid's purse: the keratin capsule laid by oviparous sharks, skates, and chimaeras, usually holding one yolk-nourished embryo; skate cases with horns form dense nurseries where embryos may develop up to five years.
Egg cell
Egg cell (ovum): the large, non-motile female gamete, about 0.15 mm in humans, that fuses with sperm at fertilization; distinguished from the oocyte, blocks polyspermy via cortical granules, and can be preserved by vitrification.
Egg donation
Egg donation is a fertility treatment in which a woman donates eggs fertilized in vitro and transferred to a recipient, who carries the pregnancy and gives birth.
Egg incubation
Egg incubation, natural (broody hen) or artificial (incubator), develops bird embryos under controlled temperature, humidity, ventilation, and turning; chicken eggs hatch in 21 days, and hatchery versus on-farm hatching affects chick welfare.
Egg lysin (Sperm-lysin)
Egg lysin (sperm-lysin) is a 16-kDa abalone sperm acrosomal protein that nonenzymatically dissolves the egg vitelline envelope by binding the receptor VERL; it is species-specific and a textbook example of rapid positive-selection evolution.
Egg white
Egg white (albumen), the clear liquid around the egg yolk, is about 88% water and 11% protein; ovalbumin (54%) drives its foaming, gelling, and emulsifying roles in foods.
Egg yolk phospholipids
Egg yolk phospholipids, or egg lecithin, are yolk lipids dominated by phosphatidylcholine (78.5% PC); the richest natural phospholipid source, used as emulsifier, flavor precursor, and liposome material.
Eggplant
Eggplant (Solanum melongena), also aubergine or brinjal, is a Solanaceae crop domesticated in South-East Asia from Solanum insanum, grown for its edible immature berry, with China and India leading production.
Egle Cekanaviciute
Egle Cekanaviciute is a neuroimmunologist and space biologist at NASA's Ames Research Center, known for 2017 PNAS studies showing gut bacteria from MS patients worsen autoimmune brain disease in mice.
EGLN1
EGLN1, also known as PHD2, is a human gene on chromosome 1 encoding the principal cellular oxygen sensor in the HIF pathway; mutations cause familial erythrocytosis, and variants show strong selection in Tibetans.
EGLN3
EGLN3 (PHD3, HIFP4H3) is a human chromosome 14 gene encoding an iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent HIF prolyl hydroxylase oxygen sensor that prefers HIF2α, regulates apoptosis, and is implicated in renal cell, gastric, and lung cancers.
Ego Seeman
Ego Seeman is an Australian endocrinologist at the University of Melbourne known for research reframing osteoporosis as a disorder of bone structure, not just density.
EGR1
EGR1 (early growth response 1; also NGFI-A, Zif268, Krox-24, TIS8) is a human gene at 5q31.2 encoding an immediate-early C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor regulating differentiation, mitogenesis, memory, and cancer, with dual tumor-suppressive and oncogenic roles.
EGR2
EGR2 (Krox20) is a zinc-finger transcription factor gene on 10q21.3, master regulator of Schwann cell myelination with SOX10 and NAB corepressors, required for hindbrain segmentation, and mutated in CMT1D, CMT4E, Dejerine-Sottas syndrome, and congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy.
Egret
An egret is any of several white wading birds in the heron family Ardeidae, named for their plumage rather than their ancestry, and known for breeding plumes called aigrettes.
Egretta
Egretta, the true egrets, is a genus of medium wading birds in Ardeidae erected by Forster in 1817, including the snowy egret, little egret, little blue heron, tricolored heron, and reddish egret; molecular work shows it paraphyletic as formerly circumscribed.
Egretta garzetta
Egretta garzetta, the Little Egret or Lesser Egret, is a small white heron (Ardeidae) of Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia, with black bill, yellow feet, foot-stirring foraging, and IUCN Least Concern status.
Egusi
Egusi: West African name for seed crops of several cucurbits, chiefly Citrullus mucosospermus (egusi melon) and Cucumeropsis mannii, whose oil- and protein-rich seeds thicken egusi soup; Nigeria is the top producer.
Egyptian cobra
Egyptian cobra (Naja haje), large non-spitting African elapid of the subgenus Uraeus, ranging Morocco to Tanzania; 3FTx-dominated neurotoxic venom; monospecific antivenom outperforms polyvalent Inoserp-MENA in Morocco.
Egyptian goose
Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca, Nilgans), an African shelduck native to the Nile valley and sub-Saharan Africa, introduced to Europe since the 17th century; invasive in the EU since 2017, Least Concern globally.
Egyptian Mau
Egyptian Mau: the only naturally spotted domestic cat breed, named from the Egyptian word for cat. Silver, bronze, and smoke coats, gooseberry green eyes, up to 30 mph; imported to the US by Princess Troubetskoy in 1956, recognized by CFA in 1970 and TICA in 1979.
Egyptian vulture
Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus), a small Endangered Old World vulture of Europe, Africa, and Asia; the only long-distance migratory European vulture, a tool-using egg-breaker, declining 50-79% over three generations from poisoning and electrocution.
Ehlers–Danlos syndromes
Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS): 13 heritable connective tissue disorders causing joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and tissue fragility; hypermobile EDS lacks a known gene, with new diagnostic criteria due December 2026.
EHMT1
EHMT1 (GLP, KMT1D) is a human 9q34.3 gene encoding a histone H3 lysine-9 methyltransferase; heterozygous loss of function causes Kleefstra syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder.
EHMT2
EHMT2 (G9a, KMT1C, BAT8) is a human chromosome 6p21.33 gene encoding a SET-domain histone methyltransferase that writes H3K9me1/2 repressive marks in euchromatin as a G9a-GLP heterodimer; loss causes embryonic lethality and EHMT2-related Kleefstra syndrome.
Ehrharta erecta
Ehrharta erecta (panic veldtgrass) is a perennial African grass, family Poaceae, native from Eritrea to South Africa and Yemen, invasive in California, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Europe, spreading by wind-borne seed.
Ehrlichia
Ehrlichia: genus of obligate intracellular, tickborne bacteria (family Anaplasmataceae) named for Paul Ehrlich in 1945; E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, and E. muris eauclairensis cause human ehrlichiosis in the US, treated with doxycycline.
Ehrlichia canis
Ehrlichia canis is an obligate intracellular bacterium causing canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs, transmitted mainly by the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus; treated with doxycycline and diagnosed by IFA serology and PCR.
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium first isolated at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis, a tick-borne disease transmitted by the lone star tick and treated with doxycycline.
Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichiosis, also called human monocytic ehrlichiosis when caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, is a tick-borne bacterial disease from lone star or blacklegged tick bites, causing fever, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia 5-14 days later, treated with doxycycline.