72,234 articles
Embryonic stem cell
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells from the blastocyst inner cell mass, self-renewing and able to form all three germ layers; first isolated in mouse (1981) and human (1998, Thomson), they underpin disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine, with iPSCs as the embryo-free alternative.
Embryophyte
Embryophytes (Embryophyta), or land plants, are green plants retaining a multicellular embryo, with alternation of generations between gametophyte and sporophyte; they arose from streptophyte algae around 480-500 Ma and include mosses through flowering plants.
EmbryoScope
EmbryoScope is an IVF incubator with an integrated time-lapse camera that images embryos every 10 minutes during culture, letting embryologists assess development without opening the incubator.
Embryotoxicity
Embryotoxicity is the capacity of a chemical, physical, or biological agent to harm the embryo without malformation, causing embryonic death, growth retardation, or disturbed function.
Emcure Pharmaceuticals
Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited (NSE: EMCURE) is a Pune-based Indian pharmaceutical company founded by Satish Mehta in 1981, known for branded generics, complex injectables, Gennova's mRNA vaccine, its July 2024 IPO, and the Poviztra Wegovy partnership with Novo Nordisk.
Emedastine
Emedastine (Emadine) is a selective H1 antihistamine eye drop, 0.05% emedastine difumarate, for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis; FDA approved 1997 (discontinued), EU authorized 1999, used twice daily in adults and children 3+.
Emelia J. Benjamin
Emelia J. Benjamin is an American cardiologist and cardiovascular epidemiologist at Boston University and a Framingham Heart Study investigator since 1988, known for research on atrial fibrillation.
Emepronium
Emepronium (Cetiprin, emepronium bromide or carrageenate) is a quaternary ammonium muscarinic antagonist, ATC G04BD01, formerly used in Europe for urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence, later discontinued.
Emerald ash borer
Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), an invasive metallic green wood-boring beetle from Asia, first detected in North America near Detroit in 2002; larvae girdle ash trees, killing nearly all infested Fraxinus across 38 US states.
Emerald cockroach wasp
Emerald cockroach wasp (Ampulex compressa), also jewel wasp, an Ampulicidae parasitoid of Periplaneta americana; two stings, one into the brain's central complex, induce hypokinesia so the cockroach hosts its larva.
Emeran A. Mayer
Emeran A. Mayer is a gastroenterologist and neuroscientist at UCLA known for research on brain–gut–microbiome interactions and irritable bowel syndrome, and author of The Mind-Gut Connection.
EMERGE-Cryo trial
EMERGE-Cryo (NCT05294445), also called EMERGE Cryo, is a German randomized trial of first-line cryoballoon ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs in 350 emergency department patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation.
Emergency contraception
Emergency contraception: post-coital pregnancy prevention methods, including ulipristal acetate (ella/ellaOne), levonorgestrel (Plan B), the copper IUD, and the Yuzpe regimen, with mechanisms, efficacy, BMI effects, access rules, and the 2022 FDA nonabortifacient label change.
Emergency department
Emergency department (ED, ER, A&E): hospital unit for unscheduled acute care, open 24/7. Key facts: acuity triage (ESI, IITT), crowding driven by inpatient boarding, urgent care centers divert some ED visits.
Emergency medical dispatch
Emergency medical dispatch (EMD) is the process in emergency medical services in which call takers triage emergency calls and give callers pre-arrival instructions before responders arrive.
Emergency medical services
Emergency medical services (EMS): organized system delivering prehospital emergency care from call to hospital handover. Key facts: Larrey's 1794 system, Cincinnati 1865 first civilian ambulance, 1966 NAS report, NHTSA oversight, WHO 2025 ambulance guidance.
Emergency medical technician
An emergency medical technician (EMT) is a basic life support clinician on the American EMS workforce ladder, assessing patients and providing care and ambulance transport.
Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act
EMTALA, the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act, is a 1986 US federal law (COBRA, Social Security Act Section 1867) requiring Medicare-participating hospital emergency departments to screen, stabilize, and appropriately transfer all patients regardless of ability to pay, enforced by CMS and the HHS OIG.
Emergency medicine
Emergency medicine: medical specialty for unscheduled evaluation, treatment, and prevention of unexpected illness and injury. Also called EM; recognized as the 23rd US medical specialty in 1979; spans prehospital EMS, triage, and emergency department care.
Emergency radiology
Emergency radiology is a subspecialty of radiology focused on imaging acutely ill and trauma patients in the emergency department, where speed and diagnostic accuracy shape urgent clinical decisions.
Emergency Room Visits
Emergency room visits are patient visits to hospital emergency rooms for diagnosis and treatment, a term formalized in MeSH in 2024; US departments handle roughly 155 million visits a year.
Emergency Shelter
An emergency shelter is temporary protection and accommodation provided immediately after a disaster or displacement, ranging from family tents and plastic sheeting to collective centers.
Emergency ultrasound
Emergency ultrasound, often called point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), is bedside ultrasound performed and interpreted by the treating clinician to answer specific questions, such as whether a trauma patient has internal bleeding.
Emergency vaccination (animal disease)
Emergency vaccination is the deliberate use of vaccination during an animal disease outbreak to slow or stop spread, mainly for foot-and-mouth disease and similar highly contagious diseases.
Emerging infectious disease
Emerging infectious disease: an infection newly appearing in a population or rapidly spreading; 75% are zoonotic, driven by land-use change, wildlife trade, and travel, exemplified by the 2026 Bundibugyo Ebola PHEIC.
Emergomycosis
Emergomycosis, also called disseminated emmonsiosis, is a systemic infection by the dimorphic fungus Emergomyces, chiefly E. africanus in South Africa, affecting immunocompromised patients, especially advanced HIV, with about 43% mortality and amphotericin B plus itraconazole treatment.
Emerin
Emerin (EMD gene, Xq28): a 254-amino-acid LEM-domain inner nuclear membrane protein binding lamin A/C, BAF, and actin; loss of emerin causes X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.
Emerita (crustacean)
Emerita (mole crabs, sand crabs), genus of burrowing filter-feeding decapod crustaceans in family Hippidae, Anomura; about 12-15 species in Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean swash zones; includes E. analoga and E. talpoida.
Emery Brown
Emery Brown is an American anesthesiologist, statistician, and computational neuroscientist, an Institute Professor at MIT and Harvard professor whose research defines how anesthetic drugs produce general anesthesia.
Emery H. Bresnick
Emery H. Bresnick is a molecular biologist at the University of Wisconsin–Madison who studies transcriptional regulation of blood cell formation, focusing on GATA transcription factors and leukemia predisposition.