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Extremozyme
An extremozyme is an enzyme from an extremophilic microbe that stays active under heat, salt, acidity, or cold, used industrially in PCR, detergents, food, and biofuels.
Extremozymes
Extremozymes are enzymes from extremophilic microorganisms, also called extreme-environment biocatalysts, that stay active at high or low temperature, salinity, pH, or pressure; examples include Taq polymerase for PCR and detergent proteases, lipases, and xylanases.
Extremozymes in biofuel and biomass conversion
Extremozymes in biofuel and biomass conversion are thermostable enzymes of hyperthermophilic archaea that break down lignocellulose and starch at high temperatures, where conventional fungal cellulases lose activity.
Extremozymes in detergent and textile processing
Extremozymes in detergent and textile processing are enzymes from extremophilic microbes that stay active in hot, alkaline washes, used as amylases, proteases, lipases, and cellulases for stain removal and fabric finishing.
Extremozymes in food and beverage processing
Extremozymes in food and beverage processing are enzymes from archaea and other extremophiles that stay active at the high temperatures, extreme pH values, and salt concentrations of industrial food production.
Extubation
Extubation, also called endotracheal extubation, is the removal of an endotracheal tube from the airway, the final step in liberating a patient from mechanical ventilation.
Exudate
Exudate, also called pus, is protein-rich fluid leaking from blood vessels into tissues or wounds due to inflammation and increased capillary permeability, distinguished from transudate by Light's criteria in pleural effusion and assessed in wound care.
Exudative retinopathy
Exudative retinopathy (exudative retinal detachment, ICD-10 H35.02, ICD-11 9B78.11) is subretinal fluid accumulation from blood-retinal barrier breakdown without retinal breaks; causes include uveitis, Coats disease, FEVR, tumors, and hypertension.
ExVive
ExVive is a line of 3D bioprinted human tissue models developed by Organovo of San Diego. Its flagship ExVive Human Liver is used for drug toxicity testing and disease modeling.
Eyal C. Attar
Eyal C. Attar is a hematologist-oncologist who treated leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes at Massachusetts General Hospital, then led hematology drug development at Agios and Aprea Therapeutics.
Eyal Gottlieb
Eyal Gottlieb is a cancer metabolism researcher, Vice President for Research at MD Anderson Cancer Center since 2023, known for work on oncometabolites and acetate metabolism in cancer cells.
Eyal Raz
Eyal Raz is a professor emeritus of medicine at the University of California, San Diego, whose immunostimulatory DNA adjuvant work led to the approved hepatitis B vaccine HEPLISAV-B.
Eye
Eye: the organ that focuses light through cornea, pupil, and lens onto the retina, sending signals via the optic nerve to the brain; camera eyes evolved convergently in vertebrates and cephalopods, and vision impairment affects over 2.2 billion people.
Eye (institution)
Eye (journal of ophthalmology, formerly Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom) is a bimonthly Springer Nature peer-reviewed ophthalmology journal in London, ISSN 0950-222X, JIF 4.4 (2025), partnered with the Royal College of Ophthalmologists.
Eye Axial Length
Eye axial length: distance from cornea to retina, normally about 23.5 mm (22-24.5 mm). Longer in myopia, shorter in hyperopia; measured by A-scan ultrasound or optical biometry (PCI, SS-OCT) for IOL calculation and myopia control.
Eye chart
Eye chart: graded optotype display for measuring visual acuity, chiefly the Snellen chart (1862, Hermann Snellen) at 20 feet and the 1982 logMAR ETDRS research standard.
Eye color
Eye color: pigmentation of the iris, ranging from light blue to dark brown, with brown most common worldwide. Determined mainly by OCA2 and HERC2 on chromosome 15, especially rs12913832; used in forensic DNA prediction (IrisPlex).
Eye discharge
Eye discharge (eye mucus, ICD-11 MC14): mucus, pus, or excess tears from the eye. Normal as sleep crust; abnormal color, texture, or amount signals conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, stye, or dry eye.
Eye disease
An eye disease, also called an eye condition, is any condition that damages the eye or surrounding tissues and impairs vision, from conjunctivitis to cataract and glaucoma.
Eye Evisceration
Evisceration is an eye-removal operation that empties the eye of its internal contents while leaving the scleral shell, muscles, and orbit intact, first described in 1817.
Eye examination
Eye examination: comprehensive adult medical eye evaluation (AAO Preferred Practice Pattern), including history, visual acuity, slit lamp, tonometry, dilation, and fundus exam; differs from simple vision screening, which USPSTF finds insufficient evidence for in older adults.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), also called EMD therapy, is an eight-phase psychotherapy developed by Francine Shapiro in 1987 for PTSD, using bilateral eye movements; guideline-recommended but with debated mechanisms and low-certainty evidence.
Eye movement in music reading
Eye movement in music reading studies fixations and saccades over musical notation. Experts show shorter fixations (meta-analytic g = -0.72), read about two beats ahead, and skip notes; other measures vary by task.
Eye movement in reading
Eye movement in reading: saccades and fixations (with 5–20% regressions) by which eyes sample text; covers perceptual span, parafoveal preview, E-Z Reader and SWIFT models, and dyslexia screening.
Eye Movement Measurements
Eye movement measurements: methods for recording eye movements (MeSH D053483, 2007), spanning electro-oculography, scleral search coil, infrared oculography, and video-oculography, used clinically and in wearable eye tracking.
Eye Movements
Eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit, vergence, and vestibulo-ocular movements that shift or stabilize gaze on the fovea; controlled by brainstem, superior colliculus, and cerebellum, and measured by eye tracking.
Eye surgery
Eye surgery covers procedures on the eye, from cataract extraction (couching to phacoemulsification, Ridley's 1949 IOL) to LASIK, retinal, and glaucoma surgery; cataract surgery is the leading global blindness treatment.
Eye tracking
Eye tracking, also called gaze tracking, is the measurement of eye position and movement over time, most often by video-oculography, which tracks the pupil and a corneal reflection.
Eyeball deformity
Eyeball deformity (ICD-11 9C22) covers abnormal globe size, shape, structure, or position: congenital anophthalmia, microphthalmia, buphthalmos, staphyloma, phthisis bulbi, enophthalmos, and proptosis.
Eyebrow
The eyebrow (Ögonbryn) is the strip of terminal hair above each eye socket that shades the eye; mobile human eyebrows play a central role in facial expression and social communication.